Physical Pharmacy Module 5: Application of Physical and Chemical Principles
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Questions and Answers

What is the basic unit of matter in physical pharmacy?

  • Molecule
  • Compound
  • Element
  • Atom (correct)

    • Which type of property depends on the sum of the individual properties of the components present in a system?

  • Additive Property (correct)
  • Extensive Property
  • Colligative Property
  • Constitutive Property

    • What is the type of bond formed by the transfer of electrons between atoms?

  • Ionic Bond (correct)
  • Polar Bond
  • Nonpolar Bond
  • Covalent Bond

    • Which of the following is an example of an extensive property?

    <p>Volume</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the study of the rates of chemical reactions?

    <p>Chemical Kinetics</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of property depends on the type and arrangement of the components present in a system?

    <p>Constitutive Property</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of transition is reversible?

    <p>Enantiotropic</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which method of forming liquid crystals uses a solvent?

    <p>Lyotropic</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the minimum pressure required to liquefy a gas at its critical temperature?

    <p>Critical pressure (Pc)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which analytical technique is used to determine the crystal structure of a solid?

    <p>X-ray crystallography (powder [XRPD], single crystal)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the state of matter characterized by rapid motion and weak intermolecular forces?

    <p>Gas</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the temperature above which a gas cannot be liquefied?

    <p>Critical temperature (Tc)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a characteristic of solids in terms of their kinetic energy?

    <p>They have very little kinetic energy and their atoms vibrate in fixed positions.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the difference between crystalline and amorphous solids in terms of solubility?

    <p>Amorphous solids have greater solubility and dissolution rates.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is unique about the melting point of amorphous solids?

    <p>They have no definite melting point.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a characteristic of clathrates?

    <p>They lack reproducibility and are often avoided in large-scale manufacturing.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a characteristic of solvates in terms of solubility?

    <p>Hydrates have lesser aqueous solubility than anhydrous forms.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a characteristic of polymorphs?

    <p>They have multiple crystalline forms with different physical properties, including different melting points and solubilities.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Physical Pharmacy

    • Physical pharmacy applies physical and chemical principles and laws to develop dosage forms and drug delivery systems.

    Forces of Attraction

    • Atoms are the basic units of matter, consisting of protons, neutrons, and electrons.
    • Intermolecular forces include:
      • Ionic Bond: transfer of electrons
      • Covalent Bond: sharing of electrons
        • Polar (unequal sharing)
        • Nonpolar (equal sharing)

    Physical Properties of Systems

    • Additive Property: depends on the sum of individual properties of components
    • Constitutive Property: depends on the type and arrangement of components
    • Colligative Property: depends on the number of components
    • Types of Properties:
      • Extensive/Extrinsic: depends on the size or amount of material (e.g., mass, volume, area)
      • Intensive/Intrinsic: does not depend on the size or amount of material (e.g., density, melting point, boiling point)

    States of Matter

    • Solid: fixed shape, nearly incompressible, strong intermolecular forces, little kinetic energy
    • Liquid: takes shape of container, incompressible, some kinetic energy
    • Gas: fills available space, compressible, rapid motion, weak intermolecular forces
    • Plasma (Mesophase/Liquid Crystal): intermediate phase between solid and liquid
      • Types: Smectic, Nematic, Cholesteric
    • Supercritical Fluid State: between liquid and gas
    • Liquefaction of Gases: critical temperature (Tc) and critical pressure (Pc) determine liquefaction

    Solids

    • Crystalline Solids: have definite geometric forms, 6 common crystalline structures (cubic, tetragonal, etc.)
    • Amorphous Solids (Glasses or Supercooled Liquids): non-crystalline, no definite order, no sharp melting point
    • Clathrates: trap a molecule within its lattice, lack reproducibility
    • Solvates: have a solvent within the lattice (e.g., hydrates)
    • Polymorphs: have different physical properties, including melting points and solubilities

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    Description

    Assess your understanding of physical pharmacy concepts, including forces of attraction, states of matter, and chemical kinetics, as applied in pharmaceutical sciences and dosage form development. This quiz covers the essential topics in Module 5 of the Pharmacy Assessment Program at Saint Louis University.

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