Immunology for Pharmacists Quiz
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Immunology for Pharmacists Quiz

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Questions and Answers

Which statement accurately describes the role of immunology for pharmacists?

  • Pharmacists primarily focus on dietary supplements.
  • Pharmacists do not require knowledge of vaccines.
  • Pharmacists need to understand how the immune system works to manage immunomodulating drugs. (correct)
  • Pharmacists are only concerned with antibiotics.

    • What is an example of an innate immunity cell?

  • B lymphocyte
  • T lymphocyte
  • Plasma cell
  • Neutrophil (correct)

    • Which of the following is a component of adaptive (acquired) immunity?

  • Antibodies (correct)
  • Skin
  • Cilia
  • Macrophages

    • What is the function of effector cells in the immune response?

    <p>They produce antibodies and kill infected cells.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What distinguishes active immunization from passive immunization?

    <p>Active immunization involves the immune system's response, whereas passive involves direct antibody transfer.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which cells are classified as antigen-presenting cells (APCs)?

    <p>Dendritic cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary role of helper T cells (TH) in the immune response?

    <p>To activate B cells and cytotoxic T cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which immunoglobulin type is primarily involved in allergic reactions?

    <p>IgE</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which characteristic defines innate immunity?

    <p>Non-adaptive and non-specific</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of antibodies in the immune system?

    <p>To neutralize pathogens and opsonize them</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the primary functions of the complement system?

    <p>Lysis of pathogens, opsonization, and chemotaxis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following best describes cytokines?

    <p>Signaling molecules that regulate immune responses</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the clonal selection theory emphasize?

    <p>The proliferation of lymphocytes after encountering specific antigens</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT classified as a type of hypersensitivity reaction?

    <p>Type III (immunosenescence)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is an example of an autoimmune disease?

    <p>Rheumatoid arthritis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does immunodeficiency refer to?

    <p>A lack of functional immune cells or components</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a key characteristic of monoclonal antibodies?

    <p>They are specific for a single antigen epitope</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which best describes the main difference between MHC class I and MHC class II?

    <p>MHC class I presents antigens to cytotoxic T cells; class II to helper T cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of neutrophils in the immune response?

    <p>Phagocytosing and destroying pathogens</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What defines passive immunization?

    <p>Transferring antibodies from one person to another</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Immunology for Pharmacists

    • Pharmacists must understand how the immune system works to understand how vaccines work, how to manage immunomodulating drugs and to comprehend the mechanisms of action of therapies such as monoclonal antibodies and cytokine analogs.

    Innate Immunity

    • Non-specific and non-adaptive immunity
    • Involves white blood cells excluding B and T lymphocytes
    • Consists of phagocytes like monocytes/macrophages, neutrophils, and natural killer cells
    • Exterior defenses in innate immunity include skin, stomach acidity, mucus, cilia, and lysozyme(present in tears)

    Adaptive (Acquired) Immunity

    • Develops in response to microorganisms and foreign antigens
    • Improves after each encounter with an antigen due to memory
    • Divided into humoral and cell-mediated immunity

    Humoral Immunity

    • Involves antibodies
    • Antibodies neutralize pathogens, activate the complement system, and opsonize pathogens for phagocytosis
    • Major types of antibodies include IgA, IgG, IgM, IgE, and IgD

    Cell-Mediated Immunity

    • Involves T lymphocytes (T cells)
    • Cytotoxic T cells (Tc) directly kill virus-infected cells and cancer cells while helper T cells (TH) activate B cells, macrophages, and cytotoxic T cells by cytokine secretion

    Phases of Immune Response

    • Recognition of antigen: The immune system identifies a foreign antigen.
    • Clonal expansion: Lymphocytes with specific receptors for the antigen proliferate.
    • Differentiation: Lymphocytes differentiate into effector cells capable of targeting the antigen.
    • Effector phases (elimination of antigens): Effector cells eliminate the antigen.

    Active vs Passive Immunization

    • Active immunization: The body's own immune response to a pathogen or vaccine.
    • Passive immunization: Transfer of antibodies from another individual.

    Self vs. Nonself Recognition

    • The immune system distinguishes between the body's own cells and foreign pathogens to prevent autoimmune diseases.

    Antigen-Presenting Cells (APCs)

    • Cells such as dendritic cells, macrophages, and B cells present antigens to T cells.

    Complement System

    • A series of proteins in the blood that enhance the ability of antibodies to clear pathogens.
    • It contributes to lysis of pathogens, opsonization (marking pathogens for destruction), and chemotaxis (attracting immune cells).

    Cytokines

    • Small proteins that regulate immune responses by acting as signaling molecules between cells.

    Clonal Selection Theory

    • Lymphocytes with specific receptors for antigens proliferate and differentiate upon encountering their specific antigen.

    Hypersensitivity

    • Excessive or inappropriate immune response that damages tissues.
    • Four types: Type I (immediate), Type II (antibody-mediated), Type III (immune complex), and Type IV (delayed-type, cell-mediated).

    Autoimmunity

    • The immune system attacks the body's own tissues.
    • Examples of autoimmune diseases include rheumatoid arthritis, diabetes mellitus, and systemic lupus erythematosus.

    Immunodeficiency

    • Deficient or absent immune system function.

    Genetic Basis of Immune Response Diversity

    • Genetic recombination within immunoglobulin and T-cell receptor genes allows for a wide variety of antigen specificities.

    Monoclonal Antibodies

    • Antibodies derived from a single B cell clone, specific for a single antigen epitope.

    Natural Killer (NK) Cells

    • Lymphocytes that kill virus-infected cells and tumor cells without prior sensitization.

    MHC Class I vs. MHC Class II Molecules

    • MHC Class I: Presents antigens to cytotoxic T cells.
    • MHC Class II: Presents antigens to helper T cells.

    Apoptosis

    • Programmed cell death that removes infected or damaged cells during the immune response.

    Neutrophils

    • First responders to infections, particularly bacterial infections, and act by phagocytosing pathogens.

    Passive Immunization

    • Administration of antibodies to an individual from an immunized person or animal to provide immediate protection.

    Vaccines

    • Stimulate the immune system to produce a memory response without causing the disease, providing long-term immunity.

    Macrophages

    • Phagocytose pathogens and cellular debris.
    • Act as antigen-presenting cells, presenting antigens to T cells.
    • Secrete cytokines that regulate immune responses.

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    Related Documents

    PPT NO. 1 - Overview Of The Immune System PDF

    Description

    Test your knowledge of immunology concepts essential for pharmacists, including the mechanisms of both innate and adaptive immunity. The quiz covers topics such as the role of white blood cells, antibodies, and the body's defenses against pathogens. Assess your understanding of how these systems relate to pharmacological therapies and vaccine development.

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