74 Questions
What is the main function of lymphocytes in the immune system?
Patrol the body and respond to pathogens
What role do antibodies play in the immune response?
Bind to antigens and mark them for destruction
What is the process by which cells engulf and digest foreign particles called?
Phagocytosis
Which organelle contains digestive enzymes that break down bacterial or viral cell walls?
Lysosome
What triggers immune reactions by lymphocytes?
Antigens
Which cells recognize and engulf pathogens in the immune system?
Phagocytes
What is the role of macrophages in the immune system?
Recognize and engulf pathogens
Which type of white blood cell is found in various tissues like tonsils, lymph glands, spleen, and bloodstream?
Lymphocytes
What is the main function of antibodies in the immune response?
Bind to antigens to mark them for destruction
Which term describes the process by which cells engulf and digest foreign particles?
Phagocytosis
What is the primary role of vaccines?
To provide long-lasting protection against specific diseases
Which component of the immune system is responsible for engulfing invading pathogens through phagocytosis?
Macrophages
What is the purpose of the first line of defense in plants' immunity?
To provide physical and chemical barriers against microorganisms
Which type of cells recognize antigens and produce antibodies in the immune response?
B-Lymphocytes
What is the purpose of salicylic acid in plant immunity?
To fortify unaffected cells against pathogens
Which immune system component involves specialized responses mediated by lymphocytes and antibodies?
Acquired immunity
What is the role of antibiotics?
To treat infections caused by bacteria or fungi
Which cells target and destroy virus-infected or parasite-infected cells in the immune response?
Killer T-cells
Why are vaccinations considered a cornerstone of modern medicine?
To harness the body's immune system for protection against diseases
What do B-Lymphocytes do upon subsequent exposure to the same pathogen?
Mount a rapid response conferring natural immunity
What is the primary purpose of vaccines in conferring protection against infectious diseases?
Priming the immune system to recognize and respond to specific pathogens
Which type of lymphocytes produce antibodies tailored to bind with and neutralize specific pathogens?
B-Lymphocytes
What is the role of salicylic acid in plant immunity?
Fortifies unaffected plant cells against pathogens
Which organelle plays a critical role in identifying and engulfing invading pathogens through phagocytosis?
Lysosomes
What characterizes acquired immunity in animals?
Specialized responses mediated by lymphocytes and antibodies
Which cells in the immune response target and destroy virus-infected or parasite-infected cells?
Killer T-cells
What is the primary function of killer T-cells in the immune system?
Target and destroy virus-infected or parasite-infected cells
What is the main purpose of antibiotics in treating infections?
Kill bacteria or fungi causing infections
What is the primary role of helper T-cells in the immune system?
Initiate and coordinate immune responses
What distinguishes the first line of defense from the second line of defense in plant immunity?
First line involves physical barriers, while second line involves chemical defenses
What is the primary function of lymphocytes?
To neutralize specific invaders
Which process involves cells engulfing and digesting foreign particles?
Phagocytosis
What is the role of antibodies in the immune response?
To mark invaders for destruction or render them harmless
Which organelles contain digestive enzymes that break down bacterial or viral cell walls?
Lysosomes
What triggers immune reactions by lymphocytes?
Antigens
Which type of cells recognize and engulf pathogens in the immune system?
Macrophages
Which component of the immune system is responsible for generating antibodies?
Lymphocytes
What is the main function of antibodies in the immune response?
To mark invaders for destruction or render them harmless
Which type of white blood cell is found in various tissues like tonsils, lymph glands, spleen, and bloodstream?
Lymphocytes
Which cells target and destroy virus-infected or parasite-infected cells in the immune response?
Lymphocytes
What is the main role of lymphocytes in immunity?
Produce antibodies tailored to specific invaders
Which organelle plays a critical role in directing engulfed pathogens to lysosomes for breakdown?
Golgi apparatus
What initiates immune reactions by triggering lymphocytes to generate antibodies?
Antigens
What distinguishes antibodies from antigens in the immune response?
Antibodies neutralize specific invaders, while antigens initiate immune reactions
Which process involves cells engulfing and digesting foreign particles, aiding in innate immunity?
Phagocytosis
What is the primary function of phagocytic cells like macrophages in the immune system?
Engulf and digest pathogens through phagocytosis
Which type of white blood cell functions as sentinels, patrolling the body for invading pathogens?
Lymphocytes
What is the primary purpose of antibodies in the immune response?
Neutralize specific invaders by binding to antigens
Which term describes a type of white blood cell that is found in various tissues like tonsils, lymph glands, spleen, and bloodstream?
Lymphocytes
What is the main function of lysosomes in the context of immunity?
Break down bacterial or viral cell walls using digestive enzymes
What is the primary role of killer T-cells in the immune system?
Targeting and destroying virus-infected or parasite-infected cells
What distinguishes the innate immune system from acquired immunity?
Acquired immunity comprises non-specific responses like inflammation and fever
Which process involves the formation of pseudopodia around pathogens for engulfment?
Phagocytosis
What is the primary function of B-Lymphocytes in the immune response?
Producing antibodies tailored to bind with pathogens
What is the purpose of the waxy cuticle and bark in plant immunity?
Serving as physical barriers
Which organelle plays a critical role in identifying and engulfing invading pathogens through phagocytosis?
Lysosome
What characterizes the second line of defense in plant immunity?
Activation of systemic responses upon infection
What is the primary function of lysosomes in the context of immunity?
Break down bacterial or viral cell walls
Which process is characterized by cells engulfing and digesting foreign particles?
Phagocytosis
What is the primary role of salicylic acid in plant immunity?
Triggering defense responses
In immunity, which component orchestrates responses to ward off invaders and maintain health?
Lymphocytes
What initiates immune reactions by triggering lymphocytes to generate antibodies?
Antigens
Which type of white blood cell functions as sentinels, patrolling the body for invading pathogens?
Macrophages
What characterizes the first line of defense in plant immunity?
Waxy cuticle and bark
Which organelle plays a critical role in directing engulfed pathogens to lysosomes for breakdown?
Golgi apparatus
What is the main purpose of vaccines in conferring protection against infectious diseases?
Triggering acquired immunity
What is the main function of B-Lymphocytes in the immune response?
Producing antibodies
How do B-Lymphocytes contribute to natural immunity?
They recognize antigens and produce antibodies tailored to bind with specific pathogens.
What distinguishes killer T-cells from helper T-cells in the immune response?
Killer T-cells target and destroy infected cells, while helper T-cells initiate and coordinate immune responses.
What is the primary function of salicylic acid in plant immunity?
To trigger systemic responses upon infection.
How do macrophages contribute to the immune response?
By identifying and engulfing invading pathogens through phagocytosis.
What differentiates the innate immune system from acquired immunity in animals?
Innate immunity is non-specific, while acquired immunity is tailored to specific pathogens.
'Phagocytes' like macrophages primarily function to:
Identify and engulf invading pathogens through phagocytosis.
What role does salicylic acid play in plants' immune response mechanism?
Triggering systemic responses upon infection
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