40 Questions
Which of the following is the primary lymphoid organ where lymphocytes become immunocompetent T cells?
Thymus
Lymphocytes that fail to recognize certain body tissues as 'self' and attack the body's own tissues are the cause of what type of disease?
Autoimmune diseases
What percentage of circulating lymphocytes are T cells?
75%
Which type of lymphocyte is responsible for cell-mediated immunity?
T cells
What is the main function of lymphocyte surface recognition molecules called antigens?
To distinguish 'self' from 'non-self'
Which type of lymphocyte is primarily responsible for cell-mediated immunity?
Cytotoxic T cells
What is the primary function of regulatory T cells in the immune response?
To monitor and direct the actions of cytotoxic T cells
During antibody-mediated immunity, what is the primary role of T helper cells?
To activate and stimulate B cells to produce antibodies
What is the primary function of memory B cells in the immune system?
To rapidly produce and release antibodies upon reencounter with a pathogen
Which of the following is a key characteristic of cell-mediated immunity?
The direct killing of infected or cancerous cells by cytotoxic T cells
Which type of T cell is primarily responsible for the direct killing of foreign or diseased body cells?
Cytotoxic T cells
What is the primary role of helper T cells (TH) in the cell-mediated immune response?
Secrete cytokines to stimulate immune responses
Which step in the cell-mediated immune response involves the activation of a T cell after it binds to an antigen presented by an antigen-presenting cell (APC)?
Repeated mitotic division of the activated T cell
How do memory T cells (TM) contribute to the cell-mediated immune response?
They allow for a quicker and stronger attack if the pathogen is encountered again
Which type of T cell is primarily responsible for regulating the activity of other T cells and preventing autoimmune responses?
Regulatory T cells
Which type of lymphocyte is primarily responsible for initiating the cell-mediated immune response against intracellular pathogens?
T cells
What is the primary function of the major histocompatibility complex (MHC) molecules expressed on the surface of body cells?
To present self and foreign peptide antigens to T cells
What type of immune response is primarily responsible for the destruction of virus-infected cells and some cancer cells?
Cell-mediated cytotoxicity
Which of the following is a key feature of autoimmune diseases?
Failure of the body's lymphocytes to recognize self-tissues as 'self'
What is the primary function of the thymus gland in the development of the adaptive immune system?
To induce the differentiation of hematopoietic stem cells into mature T cells
Which of the following is NOT a function of lymphocytes?
Regulating blood pressure through vasoconstriction
What is the primary mechanism by which T cells recognize and respond to pathogens?
Through the recognition of specific antigen fragments presented on MHC molecules
In the context of autoimmune diseases, what is the primary mechanism by which the body's immune system attacks its own tissues?
Failure of T cells to distinguish between self and non-self antigens
Which of the following is a key difference between cell-mediated immunity and humoral immunity?
Cell-mediated immunity involves T cells, while humoral immunity involves B cells
What is the primary mechanism by which B cells contribute to the body's immune response?
Through the production of antibodies that bind to and neutralize pathogens
What is the primary role of natural killer cells in the immune system?
To directly kill viral-infected cells, bacteria, and tumor cells
What is the primary function of T helper cells in the immune response?
To activate B cells and initiate the humoral immune response
What is the primary cause of autoimmune diseases?
Failure of the immune system to recognize self-antigens as harmless
What is the primary mechanism of cell-mediated immunity?
Direct killing of infected cells by cytotoxic T cells
Which of the following cells are responsible for the differentiation of naive T cells into effector T cells?
Dendritic cells
What is the primary function of the thymus gland in the development of the lymphoid system?
To produce T cells that are capable of recognizing and attacking foreign substances
Which of the following is the primary site of origin for all formed elements in the blood, including lymphocytes?
The red bone marrow
What is the primary function of the secondary lymphoid organs, such as lymph nodes and the spleen?
To provide sites for lymphocyte proliferation and immune responses
Which type of lymphocyte is primarily responsible for cell-mediated immunity, where the immune system directly attacks and destroys infected or cancerous cells?
T cells
What is the main function of the lymphoid surface recognition molecules called antigens?
To enable lymphocytes to recognize and bind to foreign substances
Which type of lymphocyte must undergo maturation in the thymus gland before moving to the secondary lymphoid organs?
T cells
What is the primary function of memory B cells in the immune system?
To provide long-term immunity against previously encountered pathogens
Which type of lymphocyte-mediated disease is caused by lymphocytes that fail to recognize certain body tissues as 'self' and attack the body's own tissues?
Autoimmune diseases
What percentage of circulating lymphocytes are typically T cells?
60-70%
What is the primary function of regulatory T cells in the immune response?
To suppress and regulate the activities of other lymphocytes, preventing autoimmune reactions
Learn about the specialization of lymphocytes in primary lymphoid organs and how they participate in cell-mediated and antibody-mediated immunity. Explore the maturation process of T cells in the thymus and B cells in the red bone marrow, as well as their roles in secondary lymphoid organs.
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