Human Physiology: Vitamin B12 and Plasma Proteins

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Questions and Answers

What is the primary role of Haptocorrin in the absorption of vitamin B12?

To aid in the breakdown of dietary proteins

To transport vitamin B12 from the liver to the bloodstream

To bind and protect vitamin B12 from acidity (correct)

To enhance the activity of pepsin enzyme

Where does the binding of intrinsic factor to vitamin B12 occur?

In the ileum

In the gastric cavity

In the duodenum (correct)

In the interstitial space

What initiates the uptake of the vitamin B12-intrinsic factor complex by the cells?

The presence of Haptocorrin

Binding to the epithelial receptor (correct)

Action of gastric juice

Degradation of transcobalamine

What happens to Haptocorrin after its role in transporting vitamin B12 is complete?

It is recycled or degraded by endosomes Signup and view all the answers

How is vitamin B12 transported into the blood after being released in the ileum?

By binding to transcobalamin in the endosomes Signup and view all the answers

What percentage of blood plasma is primarily made up of water?

90% Signup and view all the answers

Which type of plasma protein is produced in the liver and constitutes the majority of the total plasma protein amount?

Albumins Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of plasma proteins?

Transporting nutrients and hormones Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following ions is NOT a component of blood plasma's inorganic substances?

Iron Signup and view all the answers

Which plasma proteins are specifically produced by B cells?

Gamma globulins Signup and view all the answers

What is the typical range of time for bleeding to stop according to Ivy's method?

1-9 minutes Signup and view all the answers

What is a major limitation of the bleeding time test described?

It is not very precise. Signup and view all the answers

What is the main purpose of platelet function analysis?

To determine clotting time. Signup and view all the answers

What is the characteristic of primary hemostasis?

Formation of white clots. Signup and view all the answers

What factors can affect the bleeding time according to the content provided?

Blood flow, doctor skill, and body temperature. Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of thrombin in the coagulation process?

To convert fibrinogen into fibrin. Signup and view all the answers

Which statement about the secondary clot is true?

It appears red due to the presence of erythrocytes. Signup and view all the answers

In the platelet function analysis, what substances are used to cover the glass tube?

Collagen and epinephrine or ADP. Signup and view all the answers

What initiates the extrinsic pathway of the coagulation cascade?

Tissue damage and release of tissue thromboplastin Signup and view all the answers

Which factor is not included in the coagulation factor list due to its identification as another factor?

Factor VI Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary role of calcium in the coagulation cascade?

To assist in the activity of many coagulation factors Signup and view all the answers

The intrinsic pathway of the coagulation cascade primarily involves which process?

Conversion of inactive factors within the blood Signup and view all the answers

What is the first stage of the coagulation cascade known as?

Prothrombin activator complex formation Signup and view all the answers

Which coagulation factor is referred to as prothrombin in the cascade?

Factor II Signup and view all the answers

Which statement about tissue thromboplastin is true?

It converts the seventh factor into its active form. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following factors is referred to as the antihemophilic factor A?

Factor VIII Signup and view all the answers

What role does tissue plasminogen activator play in clot management?

It helps dissolve clots that disrupt blood flow. Signup and view all the answers

What is the main effect of plasminogen activator inhibitors?

They inhibit plasminogen activators, decreasing plasmin formation. Signup and view all the answers

What condition is necessary for plasmin to be activated effectively?

Tissue or blood activators must be secreted at levels higher than inhibitors. Signup and view all the answers

What happens to fibrin threads when alpha-2-antiplasmin binds to free plasmin?

They cannot dissolve within the clot. Signup and view all the answers

Which scenario allows for the effective dissolution of a clot in unwanted places?

The secretion of higher concentrations of plasminogen activators. Signup and view all the answers

What can prevent immediate dissolution of a clot after blood vessel injury?

High concentrations of plasminogen activator inhibitors. Signup and view all the answers

What is the consequence of a clot forming in coronary arteries?

It leads to disruption of the coronary blood flow. Signup and view all the answers

What is essential for the successful treatment of a clot with tissue plasminogen activator?

Timely administration within a few hours. Signup and view all the answers

What role does the rough surface of a blood vessel play during an injury?

It stimulates clotting by encouraging platelet aggregation. Signup and view all the answers

Which vitamin is essential for the synthesis of coagulation factors?

Vitamin K Signup and view all the answers

What effect does increased temperature have on clot formation?

It accelerates fermentative reactions including clotting. Signup and view all the answers

What is a common consequence of vitamin B12 deficiency?

Pernicious anemia. Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary reason for iron deficiency anemia?

Limited absorption of iron by the body. Signup and view all the answers

Which condition could lead to an increased risk for hypoxia?

Being overweight. Signup and view all the answers

What can result from the loss of intrinsic factors due to gastric surgery?

Increased risk of anemia. Signup and view all the answers

Why is folic acid especially important for women who are pregnant?

It protects against neural tube defects in the developing fetus. Signup and view all the answers

Which blood group is considered the universal donor for plasma?

AB Signup and view all the answers

What happens to erythrocytes from O-group blood when donated in whole?

They cause severe clotting reactions. Signup and view all the answers

What is one risk associated with iron supplements?

Potential gastrointestinal distress including obstruction or diarrhea. Signup and view all the answers

What physiological adaptation do mountain climbers often undergo?

Adaptation to lower oxygen levels to enhance erythrocyte production. Signup and view all the answers

What is a potential symptom of a blood transfusion reaction?

Shortness of breath. Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Blood Composition

Whole blood is composed of plasma and formed elements
Plasma consists of water, amino acids, nutrients, proteins, nitrogenous waste, electrolytes, and gases
Formed elements include platelets, leukocytes, and erythrocytes
Erythrocytes are the most abundant formed element
Granulocytes are a type of leukocyte that are further divided into neutrophils, basophils, and eosinophils
Agranulocytes are a type of leukocyte that are further divided into lymphocytes and monocytes
Platelets are involved in blood clotting

Blood Physiology

Blood makes up 8% of an adult's body weight
Blood transports respiratory gases (O2 and CO2), nutrients, waste products, and hormones
Blood helps maintain homeostasis (stable internal environment)
Blood plays a role in the body's defense mechanisms
Blood participates in hemostasis, which prevents excessive bleeding when a blood vessel is damaged

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Description

This quiz explores the roles of Haptocorrin, intrinsic factor, and plasma proteins in human physiology, focusing on the absorption of vitamin B12 and the composition of blood plasma. Test your knowledge on the functions and interactions of these essential components in the body.