Human Physiology: Organization of the Human Body

Human Physiology

Organization of the Human Body

• Organ systems: 11 systems that work together to maintain homeostasis, including nervous, circulatory, respiratory, digestive, endocrine, immune, integumentary, muscular, skeletal, urinary, and reproductive systems
• Organs: structures made up of two or more types of tissues that work together to perform a specific function
• Tissues: groups of similar cells that work together to perform a specific function
• Cells: basic units of life, the building blocks of tissues

Nervous System

• Central nervous system (CNS): brain and spinal cord, integrates and processes information
• Peripheral nervous system (PNS): nerves that connect CNS to the rest of the body, transmits information
• Neurons: specialized cells that transmit information through electrical and chemical signals
• Synapses: gaps between neurons where chemical signals are transmitted

Circulatory System

• Heart: pumps blood throughout the body
• Blood vessels: arteries, veins, and capillaries that transport blood
• Blood: liquid tissue that transports oxygen, nutrients, and waste products
• Blood pressure: force exerted by blood on blood vessel walls

Ecology

Levels of Organization

• Ecosystem: community of living and non-living components interacting in a specific environment
• Community: group of different species living in a specific area
• Population: group of individuals of the same species living in a specific area
• Organism: individual living thing, such as an animal or plant
• Species: group of organisms that can interbreed and produce fertile offspring

Energy Flow

• Producers: organisms that convert sunlight into energy through photosynthesis, such as plants and algae
• Consumers: organisms that obtain energy by consuming other organisms, such as animals and fungi
• Decomposers: organisms that break down dead organic matter, such as bacteria and fungi
• Food chain: series of organisms that eat other organisms, with energy flowing from one level to the next
• Food web: network of food chains that are interconnected

Ecosystem Services

• Provisioning services: providing resources such as food, water, and timber
• Regulating services: regulating climate, air quality, and water quality
• Cultural services: providing recreational and spiritual benefits
• Supporting services: maintaining soil health, pollination, and nutrient cycling

Human Physiology

Organization of the Human Body

• The human body consists of 11 organ systems that work together to maintain homeostasis.
• Organs are structures made up of two or more types of tissues that work together to perform a specific function.
• Tissues are groups of similar cells that work together to perform a specific function.
• Cells are the basic units of life and the building blocks of tissues.

Nervous System

• The central nervous system (CNS) consists of the brain and spinal cord, and integrates and processes information.
• The peripheral nervous system (PNS) consists of nerves that connect the CNS to the rest of the body, and transmits information.
• Neurons are specialized cells that transmit information through electrical and chemical signals.
• Synapses are the gaps between neurons where chemical signals are transmitted.

Circulatory System

• The heart pumps blood throughout the body.
• Blood vessels, including arteries, veins, and capillaries, transport blood.
• Blood is a liquid tissue that transports oxygen, nutrients, and waste products.
• Blood pressure is the force exerted by blood on blood vessel walls.

Ecology

Levels of Organization

• An ecosystem is a community of living and non-living components interacting in a specific environment.
• A community is a group of different species living in a specific area.
• A population is a group of individuals of the same species living in a specific area.
• An organism is an individual living thing, such as an animal or plant.
• A species is a group of organisms that can interbreed and produce fertile offspring.

Energy Flow

• Producers, such as plants and algae, convert sunlight into energy through photosynthesis.
• Consumers, such as animals and fungi, obtain energy by consuming other organisms.
• Decomposers, such as bacteria and fungi, break down dead organic matter.
• A food chain is a series of organisms that eat other organisms, with energy flowing from one level to the next.
• A food web is a network of food chains that are interconnected.

Ecosystem Services

• Provisioning services provide resources such as food, water, and timber.
• Regulating services regulate climate, air quality, and water quality.
• Cultural services provide recreational and spiritual benefits.
• Supporting services maintain soil health, pollination, and nutrient cycling.

Learn about the organization of the human body, including organ systems, organs, tissues, and cells. Understand how they work together to maintain homeostasis.