Ch 17

<p>Decreased red blood cell count (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To transport oxygen (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Capillaries (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Plasma (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Transporting oxygen (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Leukocytes and platelets (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The percentage of blood volume that is red blood cells (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>47% ± 5% (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Plasma (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Clotting blood (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Erythropoietin (EPO) (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Containing white blood cells and platelets (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Plasma is a fluid component, and the Buffy coat is a solid component. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>High altitudes (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Increased red blood cell production (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Increased risk of blood clots (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Hemorrhage (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Testosterone enhances the production of erythropoietin. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Increased energy (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Pernicious anemia (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Iron supplements (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Iron deficiency (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A genetic mutation in the globin beta chain (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Crescent-shaped red blood cells (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Transporting iron in the blood (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Bilirubin (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Renal anemia (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A group of genetic disorders affecting the production of globin chains (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Increased production of red blood cells (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Directly stimulates red blood cell maturation and division (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Kidneys (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>All of the above (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>All of the above (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Increased red blood cell count (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Intrinsic factor acts as a carrier molecule, facilitating the absorption of vitamin B12 across the intestinal wall. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Plasma is the fluid component of blood, while the Buffy coat comprises formed elements. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Hemolytic anemia (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>After a significant blood loss (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Small, pale red blood cells with a low hemoglobin content. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To transport iron in the bloodstream. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Reduced red blood cell production (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Exposure to certain drugs or chemicals (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A genetic mutation affecting a single amino acid in hemoglobin (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Renal anemia (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Vitamin B12 injections or nasal gel (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>40% - 50% (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They diffuse across capillary walls and into the surrounding organs (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It is the top layer of a centrifuged blood sample (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Heart -&gt; Arteries -&gt; Capillaries -&gt; Veins -&gt; Heart (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Transport nutrients and waste products (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Lymphatic fluid (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To facilitate the exchange of gases and nutrients between blood and tissues (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Reduced oxygen carrying capacity due to decreased red blood cell production. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>By increasing the production of red blood cells to enhance oxygen carrying capacity. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To produce erythropoietin, which stimulates red blood cell production. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Increased blood viscosity, potentially leading to circulatory issues. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A prolonged period of high altitude exposure. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It produces red blood cells, which carry oxygen throughout the body. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>An increase in blood plasma volume, diluting the concentration of red blood cells. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Increased production of red blood cells, which carry oxygen throughout the body. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>By directly activating the bone marrow cells responsible for red blood cell synthesis. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Increased production of red blood cells, enhancing the blood's ability to carry oxygen. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The state of stable internal conditions in the body, like normal blood oxygen levels.

A condition where there is inadequate oxygen delivery to tissues.

The process of producing red blood cells (RBCs) in the body.

A hormone released by the kidneys that stimulates the production of red blood cells.

The number of red blood cells present in a volume of blood.

Amino acids, lipids, carbohydrates, iron, B12, and folic acid required for red blood cell formation.

65% of iron is in hemoglobin; stored as ferritin and hemosiderin; transported by transferrin.

Red blood cells have a life span of 100-120 days before degradation.

Condition where blood has low oxygen-carrying capacity, leading to fatigue and pallor.

Grouped into three categories: blood loss, low RBC production, and high RBC destruction.

Low RBC production due to low iron intake or absorption, resulting in microcytic and hypochromic RBCs.

Autoimmune disorder leading to B12 deficiency due to intrinsic factor loss; causes macrocytic RBCs.

Characterized by premature RBC destruction due to abnormalities or infections.

Genetic disorder causing RBCs to form a crescent shape; leads to blockage and pain due to low O2.

Genetic condition with abnormal globin chains, leading to fragile RBCs with reduced hemoglobin.

Movement of blood through the heart, arteries, capillaries, and veins.

Tiny blood vessels that are 1 cell thick, where oxygen and nutrients diffuse into organs.

Non-living fluid matrix that transports cells, nutrients, and waste in blood.

Red blood cells (RBCs) responsible for carrying oxygen to tissues.

White blood cells (WBCs) that protect the body against infection.

The percentage of blood volume that is made up of red blood cells.

Blood vessels that return oxygen-deficient blood to the heart.

The thin layer of white blood cells and platelets in a spun tube of blood, less than 1% of volume.

The liquid component of blood, making up 55% of whole blood.

A hormone that stimulates red blood cell production in response to low oxygen.

EPO causes rapid maturation of red blood cell precursors and raises reticulocyte count.

Testosterone boosts EPO production, leading to increased red blood cell counts in males.

Hypoxia can occur from low RBC numbers, hemoglobin deficiencies, or less oxygen availability.

Blood vessels that carry blood away from the heart.

Made of plasma (55%) and formed elements like RBCs, WBCs, and platelets.

Cell fragments that help in blood clotting.

The liquid part of blood that constitutes 55% of total blood volume.

2 million red blood cells (RBCs) are produced per second.

Erythropoietin is always present in small amounts to maintain normal RBC levels.

EPO is released by kidneys in response to low oxygen or RBC levels.

EPO causes rapid maturation of RBC precursors and raises reticulocyte counts quickly.

Dialysis patients often have low RBC counts due to reduced EPO production.

Testosterone enhances EPO production, resulting in higher RBC counts in males.

EPO can lead to an increased reticulocyte count within 1-2 days.

A disruption in the stable internal state, like low oxygen levels.

Factors leading to inadequate oxygen delivery to tissues include low RBC count or hemoglobin.

Increased production of red blood cells to correct low oxygen levels in the blood.

Hypoxia acts as a stimulus for enhancing the production of red blood cells.

The kidneys detect low oxygen and release erythropoietin to stimulate RBC production.

Hormone that stimulates the bone marrow to produce red blood cells in response to low oxygen.

The liver plays a minor role in the secretion of erythropoietin during hypoxia.

Inadequate RBCs lead to insufficient oxygen delivery, resulting in fatigue and other symptoms.

The ideal state where the blood is adequately saturated with oxygen for bodily functions.

Low oxygen levels trigger the body to enhance red blood cell production through erythropoiesis.

Iron storage protein found in cells.

Storage form of iron, less bioavailable than ferritin.

Yellow pigment formed from heme degradation.

Product of bilirubin breakdown in intestines.

Anemia caused by rapid blood loss.

Anemia caused by insufficient erythropoietin (EPO).

Inhibition of red bone marrow leading to low RBCs.

Having one sickle-cell gene providing some malaria resistance.

Fatigue, pallor, shortness of breath, and chills.