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Questions and Answers
A disease characterized by a gradual onset and long duration is referred to as what?
A disease characterized by a gradual onset and long duration is referred to as what?
Which term describes the body's response to foreign organisms?
Which term describes the body's response to foreign organisms?
What term is used to describe an abnormal growth of tissue?
What term is used to describe an abnormal growth of tissue?
Which of the following best defines the term 'infectious disease'?
Which of the following best defines the term 'infectious disease'?
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The overall system that the body uses to protect against disease is known as what?
The overall system that the body uses to protect against disease is known as what?
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What does the term 'dysphagia' refer to?
What does the term 'dysphagia' refer to?
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Which term refers to the body’s process of removing waste material?
Which term refers to the body’s process of removing waste material?
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What term describes a disease that appears suddenly and is typically severe?
What term describes a disease that appears suddenly and is typically severe?
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What does 'anemia' specifically refer to?
What does 'anemia' specifically refer to?
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Which of the following best describes 'toxicity'?
Which of the following best describes 'toxicity'?
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What defines a pathogen?
What defines a pathogen?
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Which type of disease is characterized by wear and tear, aging, or trauma?
Which type of disease is characterized by wear and tear, aging, or trauma?
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Which of the following is an example of a degenerative disease?
Which of the following is an example of a degenerative disease?
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What is neoplasia?
What is neoplasia?
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Which category of diseases is related to the immune system making antibodies against its own tissues?
Which category of diseases is related to the immune system making antibodies against its own tissues?
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What causes metabolic disorders?
What causes metabolic disorders?
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Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of degenerative diseases?
Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of degenerative diseases?
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Which disease category includes respiratory disorders such as emphysema?
Which disease category includes respiratory disorders such as emphysema?
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What is a simple device used for listening to sounds within the body?
What is a simple device used for listening to sounds within the body?
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Failures in the immune system are classified under which category of diseases?
Failures in the immune system are classified under which category of diseases?
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Which term describes a disease that is prevalent throughout the entire region or the world?
Which term describes a disease that is prevalent throughout the entire region or the world?
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Which of the following correctly describes hormonal disorders?
Which of the following correctly describes hormonal disorders?
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What term describes an infection acquired in a hospital?
What term describes an infection acquired in a hospital?
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Which of the following describes a solvent in an aqueous solution?
Which of the following describes a solvent in an aqueous solution?
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What is the definition of hyperplasia?
What is the definition of hyperplasia?
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Which of the following conditions describes the process of phagocytosis?
Which of the following conditions describes the process of phagocytosis?
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Which of the following best describes gangrene?
Which of the following best describes gangrene?
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What does the term endemic refer to?
What does the term endemic refer to?
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What is the primary distinction between an epidemic and a pandemic?
What is the primary distinction between an epidemic and a pandemic?
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What does the term nosocomial specifically relate to?
What does the term nosocomial specifically relate to?
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What describes a malignant tumor?
What describes a malignant tumor?
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What is the process of determining the cause and nature of an illness called?
What is the process of determining the cause and nature of an illness called?
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Which term refers to the death of tissue due to lack of blood supply?
Which term refers to the death of tissue due to lack of blood supply?
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What is the term for excessive growth of normal cells in normal arrangement?
What is the term for excessive growth of normal cells in normal arrangement?
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What condition is characterized by a rapid heart rate?
What condition is characterized by a rapid heart rate?
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What is a nosocomial infection?
What is a nosocomial infection?
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In the context of diseases, what does endogenous mean?
In the context of diseases, what does endogenous mean?
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Which term refers to a poison produced inside bacterial cells?
Which term refers to a poison produced inside bacterial cells?
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What type of growth is indicated by the suffix '-megaly'?
What type of growth is indicated by the suffix '-megaly'?
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What does the term 'chronic' refer to in a medical context?
What does the term 'chronic' refer to in a medical context?
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Study Notes
Medical Terminology: Disease and Treatment
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Learning Objectives:
- Define basic terms related to disease and treatment
- List major categories of diseases
- Identify main medical terminology
- Interpret main abbreviations and terms
Disease Types
- Infectious Diseases: Caused by microorganisms and parasites that harm an organism
- Degenerative Diseases: Result from wear, tear, aging, or trauma, causing tissue damage or necrosis
- Neoplasia: Abnormal and uncontrolled growth of tissue,
- Immune Disorders: Failures of the immune system, including allergies and autoimmune diseases
- Metabolic Disorders: Result from enzyme deficiencies, affecting cellular functions
- Hormonal Disorders: Caused by hormone underproduction or overproduction, hindering proper hormone function
- Mental and Emotional Disorders: Impact the mind and adaptation to an environment
Key Terms
- Acute: Sudden, severe, short-duration disease
- Chronic: Long duration, slowly progressing disease
- Etiology: Cause of a disease
- Immunity: Body's defenses against disease-causing agents
- Pathogen: Organism capable of causing disease
- Microorganism: Organism too small to see without magnification
- Phagocytosis: Ingesting organisms by cells, destroying ingested material
Key Terms (Cancer)
- Cancer (malignant): Growing worse, harmful, tends to cause death, describes an invasive tumor that can spread
- Benign: Not harmful
- Hyperplasia: Excessive growth of normal cells
- Hypertrophy: Increase in organ size without cell number increase
- Gangrene: Death of tissue, due to lack of blood supply, possibly with bacterial infection
- Necrosis: Death of tissue
Key Terms (Disease)
- Systemic Disease: Affects the whole body
- Edema: Tissue swelling due to fluid accumulation
- Pus: Product of inflammation, containing fluid and white blood cells
- Sepsis: Harmful microorganisms' presence in the bloodstream or other tissues
- Toxin: Poisonous substance; toxic
- Trauma: Physical or psychological wound or injury
- Lesion: Distinct area of damaged tissue
Key Terms (Disease Spread)
- Endemic: Low levels of disease spread continuously in a region
- Epidemic: Affects many people in a region simultaneously
- Pandemic: Disease outbreak widespread across a region or worldwide
- Nosocomial: Infection acquired during hospital stay
Root Words (and their examples)
- carcin/o: cancer/cancerous (e.g., carcinoid, resembling a carcinoma),
- onc/o: tumor (e.g., oncogenic, causing a tumor),
- path/o: disease (e.g., pathogen, organism causing disease)
- pyr/o, pyret/o: fever (e.g. pyrexia, fever)
- tox/o, toxic/o: poison (e.g., endotoxin, toxin within bacterial cells)
Prefixes
- dys-: abnormal, painful, difficult (e.g, dysplasia, abnormal tissue development)
- mal-: bad, poor (e.g, malabsorption, poor nutrient absorption)
- tachy-: rapid (e.g., tachycardia, rapid heart rate)
- xero-: dry (e.g., xeroderma, dryness of the skin)
Suffixes
- -megaly: enlargement (e.g., hepatomegaly, liver enlargement)
- -pathy: any disease of (e.g., nephropathy, disease of the kidney)
Word Parts (Pertaining to Drugs)
- -tropic: acting on (e.g., psychotropic, acting on the mind)
- anti-: against (e.g., antiemetic, drug preventing vomiting)
- contra-: against, opposite (e.g., contraceptive, preventing conception)
- hypn/o: sleep
- pyr/o, pyret/o: fever
- vas/o: vessel
Key Terms (Diagnosis and Treatment)
- Diagnosis: Determining the cause of illness
- Surgery: Treating disease or injury manually
- Therapy: Treatment, intervention
- Anesthesia: Loss of feeling or pain, through drugs
- Chemotherapy: Using chemicals to treat disease, often for cancer
- Immunotherapy: Stimulation or suppression of the immune system
- Contraindication: Factor making drug use undesirable or dangerous
Key Terms (Diagnostic Tests)
- Vital signs: Measurements of basic life functions
- Symptom: Evidence of disease, sometimes subjective
- Inspection: Visual examination of the body
- Palpation: Examining by touch (texture, temperature, etc.)
- Auscultation: Listening to body sounds, often using a stethoscope
- Stethoscope: Instrument used for listening to body sounds
- Endoscope: Instrument for examining internal organs
Additional Information (Test Your Knowledge)
- Diagnosis: Determination of the nature and cause of diseases
- Instrument for listening to body sounds: Stethoscope
- Reason for not using a drug: Contraindication
- Solvent in an aqueous solution: Water
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Description
Test your knowledge on various diseases and disorders in human biology. This quiz covers terms like infectious diseases, degenerative diseases, and the body's immune response. Ideal for students studying health sciences or biology.
