Human Anatomy Female Reproductive System Quiz
51 Questions
1 Views

Choose a study mode

Play Quiz
Study Flashcards
Spaced Repetition
Chat to Lesson

Podcast

Play an AI-generated podcast conversation about this lesson

Questions and Answers

What is the main reason given for the external location of the clitoris?

  • To enhance reproductive success
  • To facilitate easier orgasms
  • To prevent severe pain during childbirth (correct)
  • To encourage less selectivity in mate choice

Which of the following best defines the term 'vestibulodynia'?

  • Sensitivity in the vagina that causes discomfort during penetration (correct)
  • A type of surgery to alter the vulvar appearance
  • A condition where the vaginal walls are too loose
  • An infection of the urethra

What is the purpose of the labia majora?

  • To provide lubrication during intercourse
  • To protect the clitoris and inner lips (correct)
  • To enhance the sensitivity of the vaginal canal
  • To facilitate the delivery process

How does the vaginal introitus change after childbirth?

<p>It generally becomes more loose and open (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which statement accurately describes the hymen?

<p>It varies in type and can include forms such as annular and septate (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What primarily differentiates secondary follicles from tertiary follicles during their development?

<p>Amount of follicular fluid (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which structure is responsible for the production of progesterone after ovulation?

<p>Corpus luteum (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In which phase of the uterine cycle does the endometrium grow in preparation for possible implantation?

<p>Proliferative phase (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What layer of the uterus undergoes cyclic changes due to hormonal influence during the menstrual cycle?

<p>Endometrium (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements about the Fallopian tubes is NOT true?

<p>Fertilization usually occurs at the isthmus. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is one of the main functions of the nephron?

<p>Reabsorbs useful organic material from the filtrate (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which structure conducts urine to the exterior of the body?

<p>Urethra (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of nephron comprises the greater percentage of nephrons in the kidney?

<p>Cortical nephrons (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What role do the suprarenal glands play in relation to the kidneys?

<p>They sit atop the kidneys and secrete hormones (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which blood vessel is the primary source of blood supply to the kidneys?

<p>Renal artery (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a key function of the kidney related to blood pH?

<p>Helps to stabilize blood pH (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a component of the urinary system?

<p>Pancreas (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

During urine formation, which aspect is associated with preventing dehydration?

<p>Reabsorption of more than 80% of water from the filtrate (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following phases of the menstrual cycle involves the thickening of the endometrial lining?

<p>Proliferation phase (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What happens to the endometrial lining during menses?

<p>Excess cells are lost due to hormonal changes. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which structure in the mammary glands is primarily responsible for milk production?

<p>Lobules (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary role of the penis's corpora cavernosa?

<p>To engorge with blood during erection (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What cultural belief about penis size has been noted throughout history?

<p>Smaller sizes were once considered better for conception in ancient Greece. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the lactiferous sinus in the mammary glands?

<p>Storage of milk (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does the relationship between male and female genitalia manifest in embryonic development?

<p>They are homologous structures with similar origins. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary reason for male circumcision according to historical and medical perspectives?

<p>Reduce risk of infection and promote hygiene (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary role of interstitial cells in the testes?

<p>Produce testosterone (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following structures is responsible for maturing and storing sperm?

<p>Epididymis (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What temperature is optimal for sperm development in relation to body temperature?

<p>2°F cooler than body temperature (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The seminal vesicles provide which percentage of total seminal fluid?

<p>60-70 % (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the cremaster muscle?

<p>Control the temperature of the testes (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which gland secretes a fluid to prepare the urethra for ejaculate?

<p>Cowper's gland (bulbo-urethral gland) (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What do nurse cells secrete to control the rate of sperm formation?

<p>Inhibin (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Where does spermatogenesis primarily begin?

<p>Inside the testes' seminiferous tubules (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which hormone is primarily produced by the testes?

<p>Testosterone (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which statement is true regarding the testes' anatomical position?

<p>The left testis typically hangs lower than the right. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main role of astrocytes in the central nervous system?

<p>To maintain the blood-brain barrier and regulate the ionic environment. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which neuroglia cell type is primarily responsible for myelination in the peripheral nervous system?

<p>Schwann cells (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What mechanism allows a single neuron to receive inputs from multiple sources?

<p>Convergence (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does the blood-brain barrier restrict solute movement?

<p>Through tight junctions and astrocytic foot processes. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which part of the spinal cord contains motor nuclei responsible for signaling muscle movement?

<p>Anterior gray horns (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the ependymal cells in the central nervous system?

<p>To assist in the circulation and production of cerebrospinal fluid. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the organization of white matter in the spinal cord primarily composed of?

<p>Axons organized into tracts or columns. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which spinal menginges layer is the outermost and tough fibrous?

<p>Dura mater (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of neuron is surrounded by satellite cells in the peripheral nervous system?

<p>Sensory neurons (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What describes the role of divergence in neuronal circuits?

<p>Spreading stimulation to multiple neurons. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which structure is filled with cerebrospinal fluid within the spinal cord?

<p>Central canal (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which spinal nerve section contains the most nerves?

<p>Cervical region (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary role of oligodendrocytes in the central nervous system?

<p>Myelinate CNS axons and provide structural framework. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which feature of the spinal cord decreases as one moves caudally?

<p>Amount of white matter. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Plasma Ion Regulation

The kidneys regulate the concentration of ions like sodium (Na+), potassium (K+), and chloride (Cl-) in the blood plasma.

Blood Volume & Pressure Regulation

The kidneys contribute to maintaining blood volume and blood pressure by adjusting water and electrolyte levels.

Blood pH Regulation

The kidneys help stabilize blood pH by regulating the excretion of hydrogen ions (H+) and bicarbonate ions (HCO3-) in the urine.

Nutrient Reabsorption

The kidneys reabsorb valuable nutrients like glucose and amino acids from the filtered blood, preventing their loss in urine.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Waste Elimination

The kidneys eliminate metabolic waste products like urea (from protein breakdown) in the urine.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Calcitriol Synthesis

The kidneys produce calcitriol, the active form of vitamin D, which plays a crucial role in calcium absorption and bone health.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Water Conservation

The kidneys conserve water by reabsorbing it from the filtered blood, preventing dehydration.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Liver Detoxification

The kidneys help the liver detoxify poisons by filtering out some waste products from the blood.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Labia majora

The outer folds of skin surrounding the vaginal opening. They are rich in nerve endings, contributing to arousal and providing protection for the clitoris and inner lips.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Labia minora

The inner folds of skin located inside the labia majora. They also contain many nerve endings and contribute to arousal. There is significant variation in size and appearance.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Vulvar Vestibule

The area between the labia minora, containing the openings to the urethra and vagina. It's a sensitive area, and pain during penetration is called vestibulodynia.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Vaginal Opening (Introitus)

The opening to the vagina. It is sensitive and can become more loose after childbirth. It may be partially covered by a membrane called the hymen.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Hymen

A membrane that partially covers the vaginal opening. It can have various shapes and is not always present at birth. It's often lost or torn during sexual activity.

Signup and view all the flashcards

What is the zona pellucida?

The layer surrounding the egg cell (oocyte) in a developing follicle. It provides nutrients and produces estrogen.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Describe a primary follicle.

A developing follicle that has multiple layers of granulosa cells surrounding the oocyte. It continues to grow and produce estrogen.

Signup and view all the flashcards

What is ovulation?

The process where a mature follicle releases an egg from the ovary, usually occurring around day 14-28 of the menstrual cycle.

Signup and view all the flashcards

What is the corpus luteum?

The empty follicle remaining after ovulation. It produces progesterone, a hormone that prepares the body for pregnancy.

Signup and view all the flashcards

What is the perimetrium?

The outermost layer of the uterine wall, providing a protective covering.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Menarche

The first menstrual cycle in a female's life, marking the beginning of their reproductive years.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Proliferation Phase

The phase of the menstrual cycle where the lining of the uterus thickens in preparation for potential implantation of a fertilized egg.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Secretory Phase

The phase of the menstrual cycle where the uterine lining becomes rich in blood vessels and glands, ready to support a potential pregnancy.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Menses

The phase of the menstrual cycle where the uterine lining sheds, resulting in menstrual bleeding.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Menopause

The last menstrual cycle a woman experiences, signaling the end of her reproductive years.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Penis

The visible external part of the male reproductive system.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Tumescence

The process where the penis fills with blood, becoming erect.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Male Circumcision

The removal of the foreskin from the penis.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Neuroglandular synapse

A type of synapse where a neuron communicates with a gland cell. This type of synapse helps regulate hormone release.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Convergence

A type of neural circuit where a single neuron receives input from multiple sources.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Serial processing

A type of neural circuit where information is processed in a sequential manner, moving from one neuron or pool to the next.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Parallel processing

A type of neural circuit where different neurons or neuronal pools process information simultaneously.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Reverberation

A feedback mechanism in neural circuits that can either amplify (excitatory) or dampen (inhibitory) the signal.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Satellite cells

A type of glial cell that surrounds neuron cell bodies in ganglia, regulating the chemical environment around the neurons.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Schwann cells

A type of glial cell that wraps around axons in the PNS, creating a myelin sheath for insulation and faster nerve impulse transmission.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Oligodendrocytes

A type of glial cell in the CNS that myelinate axons, providing structural support and contributing to the white matter of the brain and spinal cord.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Astrocytes

A type of glial cell that maintains the blood-brain barrier, provides structural support, regulates the chemical environment, absorbs neurotransmitters, and contributes to scar formation.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Microglia

A type of glial cell that acts as the immune defense of the CNS, clearing debris and pathogens through phagocytosis.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Ependymal cells

A type of glial cell that lines the ventricles of the brain and the central canal of the spinal cord, contributing to the production, circulation, and monitoring of cerebrospinal fluid.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Blood-brain barrier

A specialized barrier that regulates what substances pass from the blood into the brain, protecting the delicate brain tissue from harmful substances.

Signup and view all the flashcards

White matter

A type of neural tissue containing myelinated axons and supporting glial cells, appearing white in color.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Gray matter

A type of neural tissue containing neuron cell bodies, dendrites, and unmyelinated axons, appearing gray in color.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Reflex arc

A pathway that involves a sensory receptor, sensory neuron, interneuron, motor neuron, and effector, responsible for a rapid, involuntary response to a stimulus.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Scrotum: What is it?

The scrotum is a pouch of loose skin that holds the testes, spermatic cord, and epididymis. It contains the dartos muscle, which involuntarily wrinkles the skin, regulating temperature.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Cremasteric Reflex: What does it do?

The cremasteric reflex is a superficial reflex triggered by stroking the inside of the thigh. It causes the cremaster muscle to contract, pulling the testes closer to the body for protection.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Testes: What are they?

The testes are endocrine glands that produce sperm and testosterone. They are located inside the scrotum, hanging outside the body to maintain a slightly cooler temperature optimal for sperm development.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Seminiferous Tubules: What are they?

Seminiferous tubules are thousands of coiled tubes found inside the testes. They are responsible for producing and storing sperm alongside the interstitial cells.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Epididymis: What does it do?

The epididymis is a coiled tube that covers each testicle. It's responsible for maturing and storing sperm before it travels to the vas deferens.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Interstitial Cells: Where are they and what do they do?

Interstitial cells are located within the spaces between the seminiferous tubules and are responsible for producing and releasing testosterone.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Spermatogenesis: What is it?

Spermatogenesis is the process of forming sperm cells. It involves meiosis, a series of events that begins in the outer layer of the seminiferous tubules and involves spermatogonia, stem cells that will eventually become sperm.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Nurse Cells: What are they?

Nurse cells provide vital support during spermatogenesis. They maintain the blood-testis barrier, support the development of sperm, secrete inhibin to control sperm production, and secrete androgen-binding protein.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Ductus Deferens: What is its role?

The ductus deferens, or vas deferens, is a tube that begins at the tail of the epididymis and carries sperm to the urethra. It travels through the inguinal canal, abdominal cavity, and prostate gland before merging with the urethra.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Seminal Vesicles: What do they do?

Seminal vesicles are sac-like glands behind the bladder that contribute a majority of the seminal fluid, rich in fructose for sperm energy and motility.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Study Notes

HLSC 2P95 Exam Notes - Human Anatomy (Brock University)

  • Exam notes for HLSC 2P95, Human Anatomy, at Brock University.
  • These notes cover lecture 6 and onwards content.
  • Key topics include nervous system characteristics, cellular organisation in neural tissue, neuron structure, synapses, neuronal organization circuits, neuroglia (cell types in CNS & PNS), classification of neuroglia, spinal nerves, reflexes, gross anatomy of the spinal cord, spinal meninges, sectional anatomy of the spinal cord, cranial nerves, and more.
  • Additional information includes the nervous system (autonomic vs somatic), the digestive system, histology of the different parts of the digestive tract, mesenteries, oral cavity, salivary glands, pharynx, the swallowing process, esophagus, stomach, small intestine, and the histology, anatomy of liver & the hepatic portal system.
  • Also included are the urinary system, nephron function, collecting system, and the reproductive system.
  • The provided notes offer a comprehensive summary of various anatomical structures and functions.

Studying That Suits You

Use AI to generate personalized quizzes and flashcards to suit your learning preferences.

Quiz Team

Related Documents

Description

Test your knowledge on the female reproductive system with this quiz. Questions range from the anatomy of the clitoris to the phases of the uterine cycle. Perfect for students studying human anatomy or health sciences.

More Like This

Use Quizgecko on...
Browser
Open
Browser
Browser