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Questions and Answers
What is the average lifespan of an ovum from maturation to release during a woman's lifetime?
What is the average lifespan of an ovum from maturation to release during a woman's lifetime?
Which phase of the menstrual cycle is characterized by the shedding of the endometrium?
Which phase of the menstrual cycle is characterized by the shedding of the endometrium?
What occurs during the proliferative phase of the menstrual cycle?
What occurs during the proliferative phase of the menstrual cycle?
Where does fertilization typically take place?
Where does fertilization typically take place?
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How long does the menstruation phase typically last?
How long does the menstruation phase typically last?
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What initiates ovulation in the menstrual cycle?
What initiates ovulation in the menstrual cycle?
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What is one primary function of the uterus?
What is one primary function of the uterus?
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What are the two hormones primarily involved during the secretory phase?
What are the two hormones primarily involved during the secretory phase?
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What is the role of the heart during organogenesis?
What is the role of the heart during organogenesis?
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During which stage does cell migration and formation of mesoderm occur?
During which stage does cell migration and formation of mesoderm occur?
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What occurs at the end of the zygote stage?
What occurs at the end of the zygote stage?
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Which structure begins to form around day 28?
Which structure begins to form around day 28?
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When does the blastula stage occur in relation to fertilization?
When does the blastula stage occur in relation to fertilization?
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What are limb buds?
What are limb buds?
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What describes the morula stage?
What describes the morula stage?
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During which month does the fertilized egg attach itself to the uterus?
During which month does the fertilized egg attach itself to the uterus?
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What is the primary vessel through which highly oxygenated blood flows from the liver to the heart?
What is the primary vessel through which highly oxygenated blood flows from the liver to the heart?
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Which chamber of the heart does the oxygenated blood primarily flow into from the right atrium?
Which chamber of the heart does the oxygenated blood primarily flow into from the right atrium?
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What role does the ductus arteriosus play in fetal circulation?
What role does the ductus arteriosus play in fetal circulation?
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After leaving the left atrium, where does the oxygen-rich blood flow next?
After leaving the left atrium, where does the oxygen-rich blood flow next?
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What type of blood does the right atrium receive from the fetal body?
What type of blood does the right atrium receive from the fetal body?
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What is the purpose of measuring fundal height during pregnancy?
What is the purpose of measuring fundal height during pregnancy?
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Which artery carries oxygen-rich blood from the heart to the brain and body?
Which artery carries oxygen-rich blood from the heart to the brain and body?
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During which stage is prenatal care provided?
During which stage is prenatal care provided?
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What does fetal attitude refer to?
What does fetal attitude refer to?
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Which of the following is NOT a form of fetal presentation?
Which of the following is NOT a form of fetal presentation?
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What defines shoulder presentation during childbirth?
What defines shoulder presentation during childbirth?
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How does fetal position differ from fetal attitude?
How does fetal position differ from fetal attitude?
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Which structure forms a fluid-filled sac that protects the fetus?
Which structure forms a fluid-filled sac that protects the fetus?
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What is the typical volume of amniotic fluid by the end of pregnancy?
What is the typical volume of amniotic fluid by the end of pregnancy?
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Which function is NOT associated with amniotic fluid?
Which function is NOT associated with amniotic fluid?
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What describes the process by which the fetus modifies amniotic fluid?
What describes the process by which the fetus modifies amniotic fluid?
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What is the purpose of the Fundal Grip in obstetric examination?
What is the purpose of the Fundal Grip in obstetric examination?
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Which part of the fetus is being assessed during the Pawlick's Grip?
Which part of the fetus is being assessed during the Pawlick's Grip?
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What characteristic of the Android pelvis may affect delivery?
What characteristic of the Android pelvis may affect delivery?
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What should the nurse feel when assessing a well-flexed fetal head during the Fundal Grip?
What should the nurse feel when assessing a well-flexed fetal head during the Fundal Grip?
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During the Umbilical Grip, how is the examination performed?
During the Umbilical Grip, how is the examination performed?
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What indicates that the fetal head has likely descended during the examination?
What indicates that the fetal head has likely descended during the examination?
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What is a key feature of the Android pelvis that differentiates it from other pelvis types?
What is a key feature of the Android pelvis that differentiates it from other pelvis types?
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What is the main characteristic of the buttocks felt during the Fundal Grip?
What is the main characteristic of the buttocks felt during the Fundal Grip?
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Study Notes
Female Reproductive System
- Each ovary contains approximately 200,000 ova at birth.
- Only around 400-500 ova mature and are released over a lifetime.
- The ovum moves to the surface of the ovary and bursts out at the age of puberty.
- Ovulation occurs every 28 days, around the 14th day of the menstrual cycle.
- The fallopian tubes are approximately four inches long and 3/16 inch in diameter, similar to a cooked spaghetti noodle.
- They carry egg cells towards the uterus and sperm cells towards the egg cell.
- Fertilization occurs in the upper third of the oviduct.
- The uterus is a hollow, muscular organ, shaped like an upside-down pear, about the size of a fist.
- It is lined with endometrium, a blood lining.
- The uterus's main function is to protect and nourish a fetus.
- The uterus can stretch to the size of a small watermelon.
Menstrual Cycle
- The menstrual cycle is divided into three phases: Menstrual, Proliferative/Follicular, and Secretory/Luteal.
- The menstrual phase lasts from day 1 to 4, involving the shedding of the endometrium and bleeding.
- The proliferative phase occurs from day 5 to ovulation, where the endometrial lining rebuilds due to increased estrogen levels.
- The secretory phase occurs from ovulation to day 28, where the endometrium thickens, and glands secrete substances.
Prenatal Development
- The prenatal period begins with fertilization and ends with birth.
- It is divided into three stages: Zygote, Embryo, and Fetus.
- The zygote is formed after fertilization and is equivalent to a pinhead at the end of two weeks.
- The embryo develops during the most critical period of development, forming both internal and external structures.
- The embryo stage lasts approximately 8 weeks.
- The fetal stage begins after 8 weeks and continues until birth.
Fetal Development - Weeks 4
- The embryo is approximately 1/6-inch long with a developed head and trunk.
- Limb buds begin to appear, marking the beginnings of arms and legs.
- The heart continues to develop, while the liver, inferior vena cava, and right atrium of the heart work together to transport oxygenated blood.
Fetal Environment
- The amniotic fluid is essential for cushioning, protecting, and allowing fetal movement.
- It maintains the fetus's temperature, provides a measure of fetal kidney function, and is modified through swallowing, urinating, and respiratory tract movement.
- The chorion is the outer layer and becomes vascularized, forming the fetal part of the placenta.
- The amnion is the inner membrane that forms around the second week of embryonic development.
- It creates a fluid-filled sac surrounding the embryo and later the fetus.
Fetal Attitude
- Fetal attitude refers to the relationship of fetal parts.
- The "military" attitude is when the fetal head is not flexed, and the chin is held straight up, rather than on the chest.
- This position minimizes injury to the neck and chest.
Fetal Presentation
- Fetal presentation describes the part of the fetus that enters the pelvic inlet first during labor.
- The three main presentations are cephalic (head first), breech (buttocks or feet first), and shoulder (shoulder first).
Fetal Positioning
- Fetal position refers to the positioning of the fetus's body during development.
- The typical position is with a curved back, bowed head, and bent limbs drawn up to the torso. This position helps minimize neck and chest injuries.
Fundal Grip
- This method is used to determine the shape, size, mobility, and consistency of the uterus.
- The nurse uses both hands to palpate the upper abdomen, feeling for the limbs, shoulders, head, and buttocks.
- The head is firm, hard, round, and moves separately from the trunk, while the buttocks are symmetrical and soft.
- The limbs and shoulders have minimal bony processes that move alongside the fetus's trunk.
Different Types of Pelvis
- The Android pelvis, often referred to as the 'male' pelvis, has a narrow lower dimension due to an acute angle in the pubic arch, potentially making it difficult for a fetus to exit.
- It is cone- or wedge-like, wider at the top and narrower at the bottom, compared to the gynecoid pelvis.
Maternal And Child Health Nursing
- Prenatal care is health care given to a pregnant woman before delivery.
- Fundal height is the measurement of the height of the uterus above the symphysis pubis.
Pregnancy
- The passage refers to the pelvis and maternal soft parts.
- Position refers to the maternal position.
- Psyche refers to the maternal psychological status.
- Powers refers to the uterine contractions.
- Low birth weight refers to a baby's weight at birth that is below average.
Potential Warning Signs
- Ultrasonography: used to assess fetal development and detect abnormalities.
- Chorionic villus sampling (CVS): a prenatal test that helps assess the risk of chromosomal abnormalities.
- Amniocentesis: a prenatal test that helps assess fetal health and detect genetic abnormalities.
- Alpha-fetoprotein: a blood test that helps assess the risk of birth defects.
- Lecithin – Spingomylelin Ratio: assesses fetal lung maturity.
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Description
Explore the intricacies of the female reproductive system and the menstrual cycle. This quiz covers essential information about ovaries, ovulation, the uterus, and the phases of the menstrual cycle. Test your knowledge and understanding of female reproductive health.
