Biochemistry LE 5: Male and Female Hormones

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What is the first step in the conversion of cholesterol to other hormones?

Conversion of cholesterol to progesterone

Conversion of progesterone to 17α hydroxyprogesterone

Conversion of cholesterol to pregnenolone (correct)

Conversion of pregnenolone to androstenedione

What is the product of the reaction catalyzed by 3β Hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase?

Pregnenolone

Androstenedione

17α hydroxyprogesterone

Progesterone (correct)

What is the function of 17, 20 Lyase enzyme?

Conversion of cholesterol to pregnenolone

Conversion of 17α hydroxyprogesterone to androstenedione (correct)

Conversion of progesterone to 17α hydroxyprogesterone

Conversion of pregnenolone to progesterone

What is the product of the reaction catalyzed by 17α Hydroxylase?

17α hydroxyprogesterone Signup and view all the answers

What is the product of the reaction catalyzed by 17β Hydrogenase?

Testosterone Signup and view all the answers

What is the most potent female hormone?

Estradiol Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of aromatase enzyme?

Conversion of androstenedione to estrone Signup and view all the answers

What is a major risk associated with estrogen therapies?

Thromboembolic risks Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary organ responsible for metabolizing estradiol?

Liver Signup and view all the answers

What is the result of the oxidation of the beta-hydroxyl group at C17 in estradiol metabolism?

Formation of estrone Signup and view all the answers

What is the process by which estradiol is metabolized?

Oxidative process Signup and view all the answers

What is the result of the decrease in estradiol during menopause?

Increased risk of cardiovascular disease Signup and view all the answers

What is the intermediate metabolite formed during the metabolism of estradiol?

Estrone Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary site of catabolism of circulating testosterone?

Liver Signup and view all the answers

What is the enzyme dependence of estradiol metabolism?

NADPH dependent Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of Luteinizing Hormone (LH) in the ovary?

It stimulates the theca cells to produce testosterone Signup and view all the answers

What is the effect of a surge of Luteinizing Hormone (LH) at mid-cycle?

It triggers ovulation Signup and view all the answers

What is estradiol converted from in the granulosa cells?

Testosterone Signup and view all the answers

What is the end result of glucuronidation and sulfation of testosterone metabolites?

More hydrophilic conjugates Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of the hypothalamus in the regulation of male and female hormones?

It secretes gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) Signup and view all the answers

What is the fate of epitestosterone and 17-ketosteroids?

They are released in the circulation and excreted in the urine or bile Signup and view all the answers

Which type of hormones are lipophilic?

Steroids, iodothyronines, calcitriol, and retinoids Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of a plasma transport or carrier protein in hormone transport?

To increase the half-life of the hormone Signup and view all the answers

What is the characteristic of the receptor-hormone complex in Group I hormones?

It is an intracellular messenger Signup and view all the answers

What is the half-life of Group I hormones?

Hours to days Signup and view all the answers

What is the characteristic of unbound or free hormones?

They are biologically active and readily traverse the plasma membrane Signup and view all the answers

What is the location of the receptor in Group I hormones?

Cytosol or inside the nucleus of the target cell Signup and view all the answers

What is the mediator in Group I hormones?

Receptor-hormone complex Signup and view all the answers

Which statement is correct regarding the two-cell, two-gonadotrophin theory?

Presence of aromatase in granulosa cells Signup and view all the answers

Which enzyme converts testosterone to its more potent form?

5 alpha reductase Signup and view all the answers

What is the correct SHBG level pair for diabetes mellitus?

Increased Signup and view all the answers

What is the correct testosterone: gonadotropin level pair seen in an andropause patient?

Decreased: increased LH, increased FSH Signup and view all the answers

What constitutes the rate-limiting step in sex hormone synthesis?

20,22 desmolase Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the anterior pituitary gland in the two-cell, two-gonadotrophin theory?

Releases FSH Signup and view all the answers

What is the correct condition for a decreased SHBG level?

Hyperthyroidism Signup and view all the answers

What stimulates the production of estrogen in the two-cell, two-gonadotrophin theory?

FSH Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of 5 alpha reductase enzyme?

Converts testosterone to its more potent form Signup and view all the answers

What is the correct condition for an increased SHBG level?

Hypothyroidism Signup and view all the answers