Honors Biology 1st Semester Exam Study Guide

Podcast

Play an AI-generated podcast conversation about this lesson

Questions and Answers

What is the main difference between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells?

Prokaryotic cells are larger than eukaryotic cells.

Eukaryotic cells are larger than prokaryotic cells.

Eukaryotic cells have a nucleus, while prokaryotic cells do not. (correct)

Prokaryotic cells have a nucleus, while eukaryotic cells do not.

What are the main functions of the cell membrane?

To store genetic information.

To protect the cell from its surroundings and regulate what enters and exits the cell. (correct)

To synthesize proteins.

To provide energy for the cell.

What are the two main types of cellular transport?

Active and passive transport.

Diffusion and osmosis.

Endocytosis and exocytosis.

All of the above. (correct)

What is the difference between active and passive transport?

Active transport requires energy, while passive transport does not. Signup and view all the answers

What is the difference between hypotonic, hypertonic, and isotonic solutions?

A hypotonic solution has a lower solute concentration than the cell, a hypertonic solution has a higher solute concentration than the cell, and an isotonic solution has the same solute concentration as the cell. Signup and view all the answers

What are the two main types of cellular respiration?

Aerobic and anaerobic respiration. Signup and view all the answers

What is the main product of glycolysis?

Pyruvate. Signup and view all the answers

What is the main function of the Krebs cycle?

To generate electron carriers like NADH and FADH2. Signup and view all the answers

Where does the electron transport chain take place?

Inner mitochondrial membrane. Signup and view all the answers

What is the main function of photosynthesis?

To convert light energy into chemical energy. Signup and view all the answers

What are the two main stages of photosynthesis?

Light-dependent reactions and light-independent reactions. Signup and view all the answers

What are the main products of the light-dependent reactions?

ATP, NADPH, and oxygen. Signup and view all the answers

What are the four main phases of the cell cycle?

G1, S, G2, and M phases. Signup and view all the answers

What are the four main phases of mitosis?

Prophase, metaphase, anaphase, and telophase. Signup and view all the answers

What is the difference between mitosis and meiosis?

Mitosis results in two identical daughter cells, whereas meiosis results in four genetically unique daughter cells. Signup and view all the answers

What are some examples of adaptations plants use to avoid photorespiration?

C4 photosynthesis and CAM (Crassulacean acid metabolism) photosynthesis. Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Honors Biology 1st Semester Exam Study Guide

Final Exam:
- Dates: December 16th
- Format: 75 questions
- Time allotted: 1 hour plus 30 minutes extra
- Weight: 15% of grade
Study Resources:
- Notes
- Past study guides
- Textbook
- Worksheets/Assignments
- Quizlet
- Gimkit
- Quizizz
- Previously posted YouTube videos
- Email questions to [email protected]

Unit 1: Foundations of Life

Textbook: MDHS Honors Biology Textbook, Chapter 1
Experimental Design:
- Hypothesis
- Independent vs. dependent variables
- Controls
Hypothesis vs. Theory vs. Law
Characteristics of Life

Unit 1: Chemical Basis of Life

Textbook: MDHS Honors Biology Textbook, Chapter 2
Atoms & Elements:
- Protons, neutrons, electrons
- Charges of atomic particles
- Atomic number
- Mass number
- Valence electrons
Compounds:
- Ionic bonding

Unit 2: Cell Structure and Function

Textbook: MDHS Honors Biology Textbook, Chapter 3
Cell Structure and Function Lecture Notes
Cell Theory History: Hooke, Leeuwenhoek, Schwann, Schleiden, Virchow
Cell Theory
Prokaryote vs. eukaryote
- Similarities
- Differences
Animal cell vs. plant cell
- Organelles
  - nucleus, ribosomes, cell wall, nucleolus, cell membrane, mitochondria, chloroplast, Golgi apparatus, rough/smooth endoplasmic reticulum, centrioles, lysosomes, nuclear envelope, cytoskeleton, plasma membrane
Plasma Membrane
- Characteristics
- Components (phospholipids and proteins)
Transport:
- Active vs. Passive
- Diffusion
- Osmosis
- Facilitated diffusion
- Active transport
- Bulk transport (endocytosis & exocytosis)
Solutions:
- Solute
- Solvent
- Hypertonic vs. hypotonic vs. isotonic
- Definitions
- Examples

Unit 3: Cellular Respiration

Textbook: MDHS Honors Biology Textbook, Chapter 4
Cellular Respiration: Covers “Cellular Energetics” Lecture Notes
- Metabolism
- Exergonic vs. endergonic reactions
- Importance of ATP

Unit 3: Photosynthesis

Textbook: MDHS Honors Biology Textbook, Chapter 5, "Cellular Energetics" lecture notes
Autotrophs vs. heterotrophs
Overall Equation
Leaf structure
- Stomata
- Plant pigments
  - Chlorophyll
  - Carotenoids
Oxidation-reduction
- What is oxidized?
- What is reduced?
Light-dependent reactions

Unit 4: The Cell Cycle

Textbook: MDHS Honors Biology Textbook, Chapter 6, Cell Cycle Lecture Notes
Chromosomes
Interphase (G1, S, G2)
Mitosis (Prophase, metaphase, anaphase, telophase)
Cytokinesis
Meiosis (I & II)
Differences between mitosis & meiosis
Haploid/diploid
Karyotypes
Cancer
Cell Cycle Regulation
- P53
- CDK
- Kinases

Studying That Suits You

Use AI to generate personalized quizzes and flashcards to suit your learning preferences.

Description

Prepare for your 1st semester exam in Honors Biology with this comprehensive study guide. Covering key concepts from Chapters 1 and 2 of the MDHS Honors Biology Textbook, you'll explore experimental design, the chemical basis of life, and the characteristics of living organisms. Utilize various resources to optimize your study time and ensure success on your final exam.