Questions and Answers
What significant environmental movement was led by Amrita Devi in the 18th century?
Which act was established in the year 1986 to protect the environment?
What disaster occurred during the 1950s - 1960s that highlighted industrial pollution issues?
Which protocol established in 1987 addresses substances that deplete the ozone layer?
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What is the primary focus of the Appiko Movement that started in the 1980s?
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Which movement aimed to oppose the construction of a dam on the Bhagirathi River in Uttarakhand?
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What notable event led to the establishment of the Ministry of Environment & Forest in 1983?
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During which international event was the Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD) established?
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What legislation was enacted in 2005 that formalized environmental education within the curriculum?
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Which act focused on the control of pollution in the air and was established in 1981?
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Study Notes
Historical Environmental Movements and Legislation
- 1485: Formation of the Bishnoi Sect by Guru Jambeshwar Ji Maharaj focused on conservation and respect for nature.
- 18th Century: The Bishnoi Movement led by Amrita Devi advocated for environmental protection in Rajasthan.
- 1950s-1960s: Minamata Disaster in Japan highlighted the dangers of mercury pollution and its effects on human health and the environment.
Key Environmental Legislation and Movements
- 1972: Introduction of the Wildlife Protection Act to safeguard wildlife and their habitats in India.
- 1973: Chipko Movement commenced in Uttarakhand, where villagers, led by Sundarlal Bahuguna and Gaura Devi, embraced tree-hugging to prevent deforestation.
- 1973: Silent Valley Movement aimed to protect the Silent Valley forest in Kerala from commercial exploitation.
- 1974: Water Prevention and Control of Pollution Act established to preserve water quality.
- October 1977: Tbilisi Declaration accepted, promoting environmental education and sustainable development.
- 1980: Forest Conservation Act implemented to prevent deforestation and promote reforestation efforts.
1980s Environmental Movements
- 1980s: Tehri Dam Movement emerged opposing the construction of the Tehri Dam on the Bhagirathi River in Uttarakhand over environmental concerns.
- 1980s: Appiko Movement in Karnataka focused on halting deforestation linked to dam construction, advocating for sustainable forest management.
- 1981: Air Prevention and Control of Pollution Act introduced to tackle air pollution sources.
- 1983: Establishment of the Ministry of Environment and Forest to oversee environmental governance.
- December 3, 1984: Bhopal Gas Tragedy occurred, one of the worst industrial disasters, raising awareness about chemical safety and disaster management.
Key Environmental Agreements and Actions
- 1985: Silent Valley declared a National Park, marking a key victory for environmentalists.
- 1985: Narmada Bachao Andolan (NBA) initiated by Medha Patkar opposing the Sardar Sarovar Dam construction over concerns for ecology and displaced communities.
- 1986: Environmental Protection Act established, aimed at ensuring sustainable environmental practices.
- 1987: Montreal Protocol created to phase out substances that deplete the ozone layer, reflecting global environmental cooperation.
- 1989: Enforcement of Montreal Protocol commenced, setting binding commitments for countries to reduce ozone-depleting substances.
International Agreements and National Initiatives
- 1992: Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD) adopted during the Earth Summit in Rio de Janeiro, aiming to conserve biological diversity.
- 1997: Kyoto Protocol established to commit countries to reduce greenhouse gas emissions, addressing climate change.
- 2002: Biodiversity Act introduced in India to protect biological diversity and facilitate sustainable usage of resources.
- 2003: National Biodiversity Authority established to implement the Biodiversity Act provisions effectively.
- 2005: Kyoto Protocol enacted, reinforcing international climate policies.
- 2005: National Curriculum Framework (NCF) introduced, integrating environmental education into school curricula.
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Description
This quiz explores significant events and movements related to environmental conservation in India, including the formation of the Bishnoi Sect and various activism from the 18th century to the 1970s. Test your knowledge about these pivotal ecological initiatives and their impact on wildlife protection and environmental awareness.
