Questions and Answers
What was the primary objective of the Chipko movement?
Who were some of the key leaders of the Chipko movement?
In which year did the Chipko movement begin?
What triggered the Chipko movement in the Uttarakhand region?
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Which environmental issue is primarily associated with the Chipko movement?
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What is the primary reason the Bishnois refuse to cremate their dead?
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Which animal is specifically mentioned as being hunted by the film group?
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What was a consequence of the development activities leading to the Chipko movement?
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What is the significance of the village name 'Khejarli'?
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Where did the Chipko movement take place?
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What can environmental movements like the Chipko movement be broadly defined as?
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How do the Bishnois view the act of saving trees according to their saying?
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What aspect of the Bishnois’ environment is highlighted in the content?
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What does the term 'Chipko' mean in English?
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What was the primary reason women supported the Chipko movement?
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Who is credited with popularizing the Chipko movement and educating villagers?
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What did the Chipko movement primarily challenge?
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Which community is recognized as the first environmentalists in India, having engaged in similar practices earlier?
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What was the slogan popularized by Sunderlal Bahuguna?
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What impact did urbanization have on the villagers that supported the Chipko movement?
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How did the government respond to the Chipko movement?
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Who laid down their lives to protect trees from being cut down in Jodhpur?
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What year did the Silent Valley movement take place?
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Which river flows 15 km southwest from Silent Valley?
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What was the main objective of the Kerala Sastra Sahitya Parishad during the Silent Valley movement?
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What was the proposed electricity generation capacity of the hydroelectric dam project at Silent Valley?
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Who expressed concerns about the potential threats to the lion-tailed macaque?
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In which year did the Kerala State Electricity Board propose a dam across the Kunthipuzha river?
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What was the reason for the implementation delay of the Silent Valley project?
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Who was the primary leader of the Bishnoi villagers during the tree conservation effort?
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What was the main aim of the Bishnois in the 1700s regarding the trees?
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What was the significant event that occurred in Khejarli involving Amrita Devi?
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What was the reaction of Maharaja Abhay Singh after hearing about the villagers' sacrifice?
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Which tenet emphasizes compassion for all living beings in the Bishnoi philosophy?
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Who is considered the founder of the Bishnoi sect?
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In what century did the events regarding the Bishnoi and the tree conservation occur?
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What was the consequence for Amrita Devi when she tried to prevent the tree cutting?
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Study Notes
Environmental Movements Overview
- Environmental movements are social or political efforts aimed at conserving the environment and improving environmental conditions.
- Such movements emerge as responses to control over natural resources, governmental policies, socio-economic inequity, and environmental degradation.
- Core focus areas include ecology, health, and human rights.
Chipko Movement
- Year: 1973
- Location: Chamoli district, later Tehri-Garhwal district, Uttarakhand
- Leaders: Key figures included Sundarlal Bahuguna, Gaura Devi, and Chandi Prasad Bhatt.
- Objective: Protect Himalayan trees from logging by contractors.
- The movement highlighted environmental issues in the Alaknanda catchment area, particularly after widespread floods in the 1970s.
- Villagers were restricted from using trees for fuel, while a sports company was permitted to log, sparking public outrage.
- "Chipko," meaning "embrace," symbolized villagers physically hugging trees to prevent them from being cut down.
- Women played a crucial role, linking their survival to the forests, which led to the movement being recognized as an eco-feminist initiative.
- Sunderlal Bahuguna became a pivotal eco-activist, influencing a government ban on tree cutting.
- The original Chipko movement has roots in the 18th century, initiated by the Bishnoi community in Rajasthan.
Bishnoi Community
- Historical Context: The movement originated in the 1700s in Khejarli, Marwar region, Rajasthan.
- Key Figures: Amrita Devi led a community effort to protect sacred Khejri trees from felling.
- The Bishnois adhere to principles laid down by Swami Jambeshwar Maharaj, emphasizing compassion for all living beings and conservation of trees.
- In a historical act of protest, Amrita Devi embraced a tree to protect it, leading to her death and the subsequent sacrifice of over 350 villagers.
- The King of Jodhpur later banned tree cutting and hunting in Bishnoi territories due to remorse over the incident.
- Bishnois are known for their deep commitment to wildlife and environmental conservation, demonstrated through their actions against poaching.
Silent Valley Movement
- Year: 1978
- Location: Silent Valley, Palakkad district, Kerala
- Leaders: Kerala Sastra Sahitya Parishad (KSSP) and poet-activist Sughatha Kumari.
- Objective: Protect the rich biodiversity of Silent Valley from hydroelectric project development.
- Silent Valley, notable for its diverse ecosystem, was identified for potential dam construction, threatening extensive forest area.
- Initial project proposals date back to the 1920s; significant concerns over impacts on rare species, like the lion-tailed macaque, arose in the 1970s.
- Following environmentalist campaigns, the project drew public attention and ultimately faced delays due to funding issues.
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Description
Explore key environmental movements in India including Chipko, Silent Valley, and the Bishnois of Rajasthan. This quiz will delve into the significance of these movements in advocating for environmental conservation and addressing social issues. Test your knowledge about the impact and history of these important movements.
