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Questions and Answers
What significant environmental action was established by the year 1987?
What significant environmental action was established by the year 1987?
Which movement was initiated by Amrita Devi in the 18th Century?
Which movement was initiated by Amrita Devi in the 18th Century?
What natural disaster occurred in the 1950s to 1960s that raised global awareness regarding environmental issues?
What natural disaster occurred in the 1950s to 1960s that raised global awareness regarding environmental issues?
What legislation related to pollution was enacted in 1981?
What legislation related to pollution was enacted in 1981?
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Which act was established as a response to the Bhopal Gas Tragedy?
Which act was established as a response to the Bhopal Gas Tragedy?
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What was the main objective of the Chipko Movement in the 1970s?
What was the main objective of the Chipko Movement in the 1970s?
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Which protocol, established in 1997, was aimed at combating climate change?
Which protocol, established in 1997, was aimed at combating climate change?
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Which movement was led by Medha Patkar against a significant dam project?
Which movement was led by Medha Patkar against a significant dam project?
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When was the Wildlife Protection Act enacted?
When was the Wildlife Protection Act enacted?
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What year was the National Curriculum Framework that included environmental education established?
What year was the National Curriculum Framework that included environmental education established?
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Study Notes
Historical Environmental Milestones
- 1485: Formation of Bishnoi Sect by Guru Jambeshwar Ji Maharaj, focused on conservation and ecological ethics.
- 18th Century: Amrita Devi leads the Bishnoi Movement, advocating for environmental protection.
Major Environmental Incidents
- 1950s - 1960s: Minamata Disaster in Japan highlights severe mercury poisoning and its effects on health and environment.
Key Legislation and Movements
- 1972: The Wildlife Protection Act is enacted to conserve India's wildlife.
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1973:
- Chipko Movement begins in Uttarakhand, led by Sundarlal Bahuguna and Gaura Devi, emphasizing tree hugging to prevent deforestation.
- Silent Valley Movement emerges in Kerala, opposing deforestation in the Silent Valley area.
Legislative Developments
- 1974: Water Prevention & Control of Pollution Act is established to manage water quality.
- October 1977: Tbilisi Declaration is accepted, promoting environmental education globally.
- 1980: Forest Conservation Act is issued to safeguard forest land.
Movements Against Environmental Degradation
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1980s:
- Tehri Dam Movement protests against the construction of the dam on the Bhagirathi River, promoting local environmental rights.
- Appiko Movement in Karnataka focuses on preventing deforestation linked to hydropower projects.
Air and Pollution Legislation
- 1981: Air Prevention & Control of Pollution Act is introduced to manage air quality.
- 1983: The Ministry of Environment & Forest is established to address environmental issues.
Major Environmental Disasters
- December 3, 1984: Bhopal Gas Tragedy occurs, becoming one of the worst industrial disasters in history.
Environmental Recognitions and Protocols
- 1985: Silent Valley is declared a National Park to protect its unique ecosystem.
- 1985: Narmada Bachao Andolan, led by Medha Patkar, protests against the Sardar Sarovar Dam to protect the Narmada River.
- 1986: Environmental Protection Act is enacted to provide a framework for environmental governance.
International Agreements and Frameworks
- 1987: Montreal Protocol on substances depleting the ozone layer is established, aiming to protect the ozone layer.
- 1989: Montreal Protocol is enforced, leading to a decrease in ozone-depleting substances.
Biodiversity Initiatives
- 1992: Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD) established during the Earth Summit in Rio de Janeiro to promote sustainable development.
- 1997: Kyoto Protocol is established, committing to reducing greenhouse gas emissions.
National Developments in Biodiversity
- 2002: Biodiversity Act is passed to promote conservation and use of biological resources.
- 2003: National Biodiversity Authority is established to ensure the implementation of the Biodiversity Act.
- 2005: Kyoto Protocol enacted, reaffirming international climate commitments.
- 2005: National Curriculum Framework (NCF) integrates environmental education into school curriculums.
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Description
Explore significant environmental movements in India through history. This quiz covers notable events such as the formation of the Bishnoi sect, the Minamata disaster, and major movements like Chipko and Silent Valley. Test your knowledge of these crucial environmental events and their impacts on Indian society.
