History of Circulatory System Discoveries

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Questions and Answers

What was transfusion generally thought of as, in the 1800s?

  • A remedy for marital discord
  • A cure for blood loss
  • A youth potion for the aged (correct)
  • A treatment for mental aberration

What did James Blundell attempt in 1818?

  • Transfusion of cat blood to a human
  • Transfusion of sheep blood to a human
  • Human-to-human transfusion (correct)
  • Reciprocal transfusion to cure marital discord

What did people believe about the characteristics of the blood donor on the recipient?

  • Rabbit blood would give a person long ears
  • Cow blood would turn a person into a cow
  • Sheep blood would make a dog grow wool, hooves, and horns (correct)
  • Cat blood would make a person feline

What did Landois note about interspecies transfusions?

<p>Red blood cells were hemolyzed in interspecies transfusions (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What did Sturli and DeCastello describe in 1902?

<p>The fourth blood group, AB (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What complications were 19th-century transfusions plagued by?

<p>Complications of transfusion reactions (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Who is credited with the discovery of the circulation of blood as we know it today?

<p>William Harvey (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What did Erasistratos envision the heart to be?

<p>A pump (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What did Galen believe about the formation of blood in the body?

<p>Blood was formed in the liver, not suspecting that arteries and veins were connected (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Who is credited with coining the term "circulation" and believing that veins and arteries were connected by a fine vascular network?

<p>Andrea Cesalpino (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Who is credited with performing the first authentic blood transfusion (animal to animal)?

<p>Richard Lower (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the maximum storage temperature for red blood cells frozen using the low-concentration glycerol technique?

<p>-196°C (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main advantage of the high-concentration glycerol technique over the low-concentration glycerol technique?

<p>Requires less time for the freezing process (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary disadvantage of the red blood cell freezing process?

<p>A time-consuming process (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary solution used for the deglycerolization process in the low-concentration glycerol technique?

<p>15% mannitol (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the maximum shelf-life of red blood cells frozen using the high-concentration glycerol technique?

<p>14 days at 1-6°C using an instrument (closed system) (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main purpose of the agglomeration step in the deglycerolization process?

<p>To separate the red blood cells from the plasma proteins (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was advocated as a potentially effective infusion during the time period discussed in the text?

<p>Milk (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What led to a 150-year hiatus in transfusion work, according to the text?

<p>Prohibitions and fear of adverse reactions (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Who discovered the different blood types and named them A, B, and C (later O)?

<p>Karl Landsteiner (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the outcome of the incident involving Denis and a man's wife accusing him of poisoning her husband?

<p>Denis was exonerated, and the wife was charged with attempted poisoning (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which organizations laid prohibitions against blood transfusions, according to the text?

<p>The British Royal Society, the French Parliament, and the Vatican (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of transfusions were done only sporadically in the 18th century, according to the text?

<p>Animal-to-human transfusions (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the main lipid components of the red blood cell (RBC) membrane?

<p>Phospholipids (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following proteins span the entire RBC membrane from the outer surface to the inner cytoplasmic side?

<p>Glycophorins A, B, C, D and Band 3/Anion Exchanger-1 (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following proteins is responsible for the net negative charge and biconcavity of the RBC?

<p>Spectrin (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the approximate percentage composition of proteins in the RBC membrane?

<p>52% (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following characteristics of RBCs is affected by a loss of ATP?

<p>Deformability (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the normal lifespan of RBCs in circulation?

<p>120 days (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

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