Biology Chapter 18: Circulatory System Flashcards
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Questions and Answers

What is the most abundant formed element of blood?

  • Erythrocytes (correct)
  • Plasma
  • Platelets
  • Leukocytes

    • A mass of clotted blood is called a ________.

    hematoma

    Which are functions of the circulatory system? (Select all that apply)

  • Stabilization of body pH (correct)
  • Regulation of body temperature (correct)
  • Transportation of nutrients and gases (correct)
  • Production of hormones

    • What are the steps of homeostasis in order?

    <ol> <li>Vascular spasm, 2. Platelet plug formation, 3. Blood coagulation</li> </ol> Signup and view all the answers

    The term hemopoiesis refers to which of the following?

    <p>Formation of blood</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following are characteristics of monocytes? (Select all that apply)

    <p>The nucleus is large and clearly visible</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Hemopoiesis is the production of all formed elements. __________ refers to the production of red blood cells specifically.

    <p>erythropoiesis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The plasma protein 'Albumin''s responsibility is to......?

    <p>Solute transport and pH buffering</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The plasma protein 'Globulin''s responsibility is to......?

    <p>Defense functions for immunity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The plasma protein 'Fibrinogen''s responsibility is to......?

    <p>Blood clotting</p> Signup and view all the answers

    One molecule of hemoglobin contains:

    <p>4 globin chains and 4 heme groups</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which can cause anemia? (Select all that apply)

    <p>Inadequate hemoglobin synthesis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Cell fragments produced from megakaryocytes are called ____________.

    <p>platelets</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is hemostasis?

    <p>Physiological process that controls excessive bleeding.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Describe normal erythrocytes.

    <p>They contain hemoglobin to transport gases like oxygen and have a biconcave shape.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which leukocyte is shown in the picture?

    <p>Neutrophil</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The cardiovascular (not the circulatory) system includes which of the following?

    <p>Heart</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the steps of WBC production?

    <ol> <li>Hemopoietic stem cells (HSC), 2. Colony forming unit (CFU), 3. Precursor cells, 4. Mature cells</li> </ol> Signup and view all the answers

    As part of coagulation, the plasma protein called ________ is converted to fibrin.

    <p>fibrinogen</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Plasma transports which of the following? (Select all that apply)

    <p>Water</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which term refers to the thickness or stickiness of a fluid?

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of leukocyte is shown in the image?

    <p>Basophils</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the percentage of plasma in the blood?

    <p>47-63%</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the percentage of hematocrit in the blood?

    <p>37-52%</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the percentage of buffy coat in the blood?

    <p>1% or less</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Decreased blood osmolarity could cause which of the following? (Select all that apply)

    <p>Low blood pressure</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Iron is critical for the synthesis of _______, the oxygen carrying protein in red blood cells.

    <p>hemoglobin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is hemophilia?

    <p>An inherited disorder caused by a deficiency of clotting factors.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The formed elements of the blood are platelets, erythrocytes, and five types of leukocytes, basophils, monocytes, eosinophils, neutrophils, and _______.

    <p>lymphocytes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Hematology is the study of _______.

    <p>blood</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which statements about platelets are true? (Select all that apply)

    <p>Platelets are very small (2 to 4 um in diameter)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a characteristic of a lymphocyte?

    <p>A small cell with a large round nucleus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the steps for iron metabolism?

    <p>Iron is ingested, then bound and transported</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The meshlike framework of a blood clot is formed by sticky protein called _____.

    <p>fibrin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Old blood cells die and usually pass through the ________.

    <p>spleen</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The three components of the circulatory system are blood vessels, blood, and the ______.

    <p>heart</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Adult hemoglobin consists of which of the following?

    <p>2 alpha and 2 beta chains</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which clinical measurements express the blood's ability to carry oxygen?

    <p>All of the above</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The alternate term for a white blood cell is _______.

    <p>leukocyte</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which plasma component is not present in serum?

    <p>Fibrinogen</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What mechanisms are used to prevent blood clotting factors? (Select all that apply)

    <p>Inhibition by antithrombin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What do hemopoietic tissues produce?

    <p>all formed elements</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is heme disposal in order?

    <p>Macrophages remove iron, convert heme into biliverdin, form bilirubin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the drug aspirin do?

    <p>Suppresses the formation of the eicosanoid thromboxane A2</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the drug EDTA do?

    <p>Bind calcium ions and prevent them from participating in the coagulation reactions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the chemical coumadin/warfarin do?

    <p>Antagonizes vitamin K</p> Signup and view all the answers

    ___________________ is a fluid component of blood that is composed of water, proteins, nutrients, electrolytes, waste, hormones, and gases.

    <p>plasma</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a vascular spasm?

    <p>A short-lived mechanism in which the damaged vessel narrows to minimize blood loss.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    True or False? Coagulation requires a series of two chemicals.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of a differential white blood cell count?

    <p>To determine the number and ratio of each type of leukocytes in a sample.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which sex-linked blood clotting disorder is more common in men than women?

    <p>hemophilia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is thrombopoiesis?

    <p>Production of platelets</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where are mature leukocytes usually found?

    <p>Residing in connective tissue</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are some possible causes of leukocytosis? (Select all that apply)

    <p>Infection</p> Signup and view all the answers

    List the correct order of fibrinolysis.

    <ol> <li>Prekallikrein is converted to kallikrein, 2. Kallikrein catalyzes the formation of plasmin, 3. Plasmin dissolves the blood clot.</li> </ol> Signup and view all the answers

    What do platelet repulsion, dilution, and substances such as heparin and antithrombin help do?

    <p>Prevent inappropriate clotting</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How are plasma components constantly replaced in the body?

    <p>All of the above</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What causes sickle cell disease?

    <p>A hereditary hemoglobin defect</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What would directly reduce blood viscosity?

    <p>Decreased hematocrit</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the steps of WBC production?

    <ol> <li>Hemopoietic stem cells (HSC), 2. Colony forming unit (CFU), 3. Precursor cells, 4. Mature cells</li> </ol> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Circulatory System: Blood

    • Erythrocytes are the most abundant formed elements of blood, critical for oxygen transport.
    • Hematoma refers to a mass of clotted blood.
    • Functions of the circulatory system include stabilization of body pH, regulation of body temperature, and transportation of nutrients and gases.
    • Steps of hemostasis include vascular spasm, platelet plug formation, and blood coagulation.
    • Hemopoiesis is the formation of blood, producing all formed elements.
    • Monocytes have characteristics including a large, clearly visible nucleus and sparse granules in the cytoplasm.
    • Erythropoiesis specifically refers to the production of red blood cells.
    • Albumin in plasma is responsible for solute transport, pH buffering, and regulating blood viscosity and osmolarity.
    • Globulin in plasma plays a vital role in defense functions for immunity.
    • Fibrinogen is responsible for blood clotting, converting to fibrin during coagulation.
    • One molecule of hemoglobin contains four globin chains and four heme groups, essential for oxygen binding.
    • Anemia can be caused by increased hemolysis, hemorrhage, or inadequate hemoglobin synthesis.
    • Platelets are cell fragments produced from megakaryocytes, essential for clot formation.
    • The process of platelet plug formation includes contact with collagen, platelet activation, contraction of pseudopods, and mass formation.
    • Hemolysis refers to the rupture of red blood cells, often leading to various complications.
    • Neutrophils are a type of leukocyte essential for immune defense.
    • The cardiovascular system includes the heart and blood vessels, while the circulatory system encompasses all blood elements.
    • Hemostasis is a physiological process that controls excessive bleeding.
    • Normal erythrocytes are shaped biconcave, lack a nucleus, and contain hemoglobin crucial for gas transport.
    • Eosinophils are leukocytes characterized by a nucleus with two lobes and granules that are rosy to orange in color.
    • The linkage between precursor cells and their derived cells includes monocytes from monoblasts, granulocytes from myeloblasts, lymphocytes from lymphoblasts, and erythrocytes from erythroblasts.
    • Erythrocytes are critical for survival due to their oxygen-transport capabilities.
    • Fibrinogen is not present in serum due to its conversion into fibrin during clotting.
    • Plasma carries substances including water, proteins, nutrients, electrolytes, hormones, gases, and waste.
    • Viscosity describes the thickness or stickiness of the blood.
    • Leukocytes are categorized as white blood cells, including various types involved in immune protection.
    • The percentage of plasma in blood is approximately 47-63%, while hematocrit is 37-52%, and the buffy coat is about 1% or less.
    • Factors like low blood pressure and edema can result from decreased blood osmolarity.
    • Iron is necessary for synthesizing hemoglobin, the oxygen-carrying protein in red blood cells.
    • Hemophilia is an inherited disorder caused by a deficiency of clotting factors, more common in males.
    • Leukopoiesis refers to the production of white blood cells, essential for immune response.
    • Mechanisms to prevent inappropriate blood clotting include platelet repulsion and the dilution of clotting factors.
    • Fibrinolysis involves a series of steps that dissolve blood clots, beginning with the conversion of prekallikrein to kallikrein.
    • Plasma proteins are produced predominantly in the liver, with components obtained from digestion and synthesis.
    • Leukemia is a cancerous condition resulting in an excess of leukocytes and precursors in the blood.
    • Erythropoietin stimulates red blood cell production and is released in response to low oxygen levels.
    • Sickle cell disease arises from a hereditary defect in hemoglobin, affecting red blood cell shape.
    • Blood viscosity can be reduced by factors like protein deficiency or decreased hematocrit.
    • The production of white blood cells follows a hierarchical process from hemopoietic stem cells to mature cells.

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    Description

    Test your knowledge about the circulatory system with these flashcards focused on key terms and concepts. Covering essential elements such as erythrocytes, hematomas, and the functions of the circulatory system, this quiz is perfect for reinforcing your understanding of blood and its role in the body.

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