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Questions and Answers
Questions and Answers
What prompted the Al Utub to move from Zubarah to Kuwait in 1766?
What prompted the Al Utub to move from Zubarah to Kuwait in 1766?
- Internal disputes within the Utub branches (correct)
- Economic opportunities in Basra
- A desire for better agricultural lands
- Historical conflicts with local tribes
Which family traces its origins back to the Wahbah tribe of Banu Tamim?
Which family traces its origins back to the Wahbah tribe of Banu Tamim?
- Al Thani (correct)
- Al Jalahma
- Al Khalifa
- Al Ma’adhid
Who succeeded in taking over Bahrain with the help of Qatari tribes in 1783?
Who succeeded in taking over Bahrain with the help of Qatari tribes in 1783?
- Faisal bin Turki
- Sheikh Mohammad bin Khalifa
- Sheikh Ahmad bin Mohammad Al Khalifa (correct)
- Sheikh Abdullah bin Ahmed
Which event marked the beginning of the Bahraini Civil War?
Which event marked the beginning of the Bahraini Civil War?
What was the outcome of the battle of Umm Suwwaya in 1847?
What was the outcome of the battle of Umm Suwwaya in 1847?
What role did Muhammad Ali Pasha play in the events involving Qatar and Bahrain?
What role did Muhammad Ali Pasha play in the events involving Qatar and Bahrain?
Whom did Abdullah bin Ahmed seek assistance from to confront Mohammad bin Khalifa?
Whom did Abdullah bin Ahmed seek assistance from to confront Mohammad bin Khalifa?
What ultimately happened to the first Saudi state under Muhammad bin Saud and Muhammad bin Abdul Wahab's alliance?
What ultimately happened to the first Saudi state under Muhammad bin Saud and Muhammad bin Abdul Wahab's alliance?
What was the primary objective of the Ottomans in sending Hafiz Pasha to Qatar?
What was the primary objective of the Ottomans in sending Hafiz Pasha to Qatar?
Which strategic location did Sheikh Jassim move to in response to Ottoman demands?
Which strategic location did Sheikh Jassim move to in response to Ottoman demands?
What significant action did Sheikh Jassim take concerning his position as the Ottoman appointed governor?
What significant action did Sheikh Jassim take concerning his position as the Ottoman appointed governor?
What was one of the crucial demands made by Hafiz Pasha during negotiations with Sheikh Ahmed?
What was one of the crucial demands made by Hafiz Pasha during negotiations with Sheikh Ahmed?
What was a direct consequence of Sheikh Jassim's victory at the Battle of Wajbah?
What was a direct consequence of Sheikh Jassim's victory at the Battle of Wajbah?
What action was taken against Hafiz Pasha following the defeat at the Battle of Wajbah?
What action was taken against Hafiz Pasha following the defeat at the Battle of Wajbah?
What was one of the outcomes of the negotiations between Naqib Al Ashraf and Sheikh Jassim?
What was one of the outcomes of the negotiations between Naqib Al Ashraf and Sheikh Jassim?
What marked the decline of the Ottoman influence by the early 20th century?
What marked the decline of the Ottoman influence by the early 20th century?
What was a key provision of the 1935 renewed treaty regarding the British royal air force?
What was a key provision of the 1935 renewed treaty regarding the British royal air force?
What event in 1939 significantly changed the oil exploration landscape in Qatar?
What event in 1939 significantly changed the oil exploration landscape in Qatar?
Which of the following caused a decline in the pearl industry during World War II?
Which of the following caused a decline in the pearl industry during World War II?
Which development occurred under Sheikh Ali bin Abdullah's reign?
Which development occurred under Sheikh Ali bin Abdullah's reign?
What was a primary reason for Sheikh Mohammad bin Khalifa's decision to attack Doha from the sea rather than from land?
What was a primary reason for Sheikh Mohammad bin Khalifa's decision to attack Doha from the sea rather than from land?
What was a notable change during Sheikh Ahmed bin Ali’s rule starting in 1960?
What was a notable change during Sheikh Ahmed bin Ali’s rule starting in 1960?
What event led to the successful attack on Doha by the Al Khalifa and Sheikh Zayed bin Khalifa in 1867?
What event led to the successful attack on Doha by the Al Khalifa and Sheikh Zayed bin Khalifa in 1867?
What negative impact did the closure of the Anglo-Persian oil company have on Qatar during World War II?
What negative impact did the closure of the Anglo-Persian oil company have on Qatar during World War II?
What was the consequence faced by Mohammad Bin Khalifa after the British authorities intervened?
What was the consequence faced by Mohammad Bin Khalifa after the British authorities intervened?
Which figure played a crucial role in forming an alliance with Sheikh Jassim to oppose the Al Khalifa in 1866?
Which figure played a crucial role in forming an alliance with Sheikh Jassim to oppose the Al Khalifa in 1866?
During which year was oil struck at well no.1 in Dukhan?
During which year was oil struck at well no.1 in Dukhan?
What was one of the key issues that emerged due to the economic situation in Qatar during World War II?
What was one of the key issues that emerged due to the economic situation in Qatar during World War II?
What prompted the British authorities to act against Bahrain and Abu Dhabi in relation to the attacks on Doha?
What prompted the British authorities to act against Bahrain and Abu Dhabi in relation to the attacks on Doha?
What action did British resident Lewis Pelly take after the attacks on Doha?
What action did British resident Lewis Pelly take after the attacks on Doha?
Which event directly led to the capture of Bahraini leaders by the Qataris in 1868?
Which event directly led to the capture of Bahraini leaders by the Qataris in 1868?
How did the British respond to the actions taken by Bahrain and Abu Dhabi against Doha?
How did the British respond to the actions taken by Bahrain and Abu Dhabi against Doha?
What was a primary reason for the Ottoman policy shift in Qatar during Midhat Pasha's rule?
What was a primary reason for the Ottoman policy shift in Qatar during Midhat Pasha's rule?
Which event marked the beginning of the decline of Qawasim power in the Arabian Gulf?
Which event marked the beginning of the decline of Qawasim power in the Arabian Gulf?
What was Sheikh Jassim's motivation for welcoming Ottoman sovereignty over Qatar?
What was Sheikh Jassim's motivation for welcoming Ottoman sovereignty over Qatar?
Why did relations between the Ottomans and Qatar begin to deteriorate in 1888?
Why did relations between the Ottomans and Qatar begin to deteriorate in 1888?
What was the outcome of the Al Ahsa Campaign led by Nafidh Pasha?
What was the outcome of the Al Ahsa Campaign led by Nafidh Pasha?
What led to the armed conflict in Qatar in 1893?
What led to the armed conflict in Qatar in 1893?
How did the British view the Qawasim's opposition during the 19th century?
How did the British view the Qawasim's opposition during the 19th century?
In what year did Midhat Pasha start ruling in Iraq, influencing Ottoman policy in the Arabian Gulf?
In what year did Midhat Pasha start ruling in Iraq, influencing Ottoman policy in the Arabian Gulf?
What led to Britain's decision to withdraw from the Arabian Gulf, including Qatar?
What led to Britain's decision to withdraw from the Arabian Gulf, including Qatar?
What was one of the main proposals Qatar submitted during the Nine Emirate Union talks?
What was one of the main proposals Qatar submitted during the Nine Emirate Union talks?
Which factor did NOT contribute to the failure of the Nine Emirate Union?
Which factor did NOT contribute to the failure of the Nine Emirate Union?
What significant change occurred in Qatar's governance after its independence in 1971?
What significant change occurred in Qatar's governance after its independence in 1971?
Which event was a significant achievement during Sheikh Khalifa's era of leadership?
Which event was a significant achievement during Sheikh Khalifa's era of leadership?
What was the title change for the head of state in Qatar following its independence?
What was the title change for the head of state in Qatar following its independence?
Which of the following was NOT established during Sheikh Khalifa's era?
Which of the following was NOT established during Sheikh Khalifa's era?
What was the year of the signing of Qatar's independence form?
What was the year of the signing of Qatar's independence form?
Questions and Answers
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Flashcards
Flashcards
Migration of Al Ma'adhid and Al Utub
Migration of Al Ma'adhid and Al Utub
The Al Ma’adhid and Al Utub tribes migrated from Najd to Eastern Arabia in the early 18th century, seeking a new home.
Utub Tribe's Initial Settlement
Utub Tribe's Initial Settlement
The Utub tribe, with its branches Al Sabah, Al Khalifa, and Al Jalahma, initially settled in Zubarah but soon moved to Kuwait in 1716 due to conflicts.
Return to Zubarah and Bahrain
Return to Zubarah and Bahrain
Conflicts among the Utub branches led to the Al Khalifa and Al Jalahma returning to Zubarah in 1766, where they remained until 1783, before moving to Bahrain.
Sheikh Ahmad bin Mohammad Al Khalifa's Rule
Sheikh Ahmad bin Mohammad Al Khalifa's Rule
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Al Thani Family's Lineage and Migration
Al Thani Family's Lineage and Migration
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First Saudi State's Expansion and Conflict
First Saudi State's Expansion and Conflict
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Ottoman Response to Saudi Expansion
Ottoman Response to Saudi Expansion
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Bahrain Civil War and its Impact on Qatar
Bahrain Civil War and its Impact on Qatar
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Why did the British see the Qawasim as a threat?
Why did the British see the Qawasim as a threat?
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What was the outcome of the British campaign against Ras Al Khaimah?
What was the outcome of the British campaign against Ras Al Khaimah?
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What prompted the Ottomans to increase their influence in the Arabian Gulf?
What prompted the Ottomans to increase their influence in the Arabian Gulf?
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What triggered the Al Ahsa Campaign?
What triggered the Al Ahsa Campaign?
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Why did Sheikh Jassim accept Ottoman rule over Qatar?
Why did Sheikh Jassim accept Ottoman rule over Qatar?
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What was the nature of the Ottoman presence in Qatar?
What was the nature of the Ottoman presence in Qatar?
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What caused a deterioration in relations between Qatar and the Ottoman Empire?
What caused a deterioration in relations between Qatar and the Ottoman Empire?
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What led to the armed conflict between Qatar and the Ottoman Empire in 1893?
What led to the armed conflict between Qatar and the Ottoman Empire in 1893?
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Battle of Mesaimeer
Battle of Mesaimeer
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Qatari Independence Movement (1840s)
Qatari Independence Movement (1840s)
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Al Wakrah Incident (1866)
Al Wakrah Incident (1866)
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Sheikh Jassim's Imprisonment and the Al Khalifa's Attack on Doha
Sheikh Jassim's Imprisonment and the Al Khalifa's Attack on Doha
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Battle of Damsa
Battle of Damsa
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British Intervention and Consequences
British Intervention and Consequences
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Al Thani Family Recognition
Al Thani Family Recognition
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Qatar-Bahrain Agreement (1868)
Qatar-Bahrain Agreement (1868)
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Battle of Wajbah
Battle of Wajbah
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Sheikh Jassim's Leadership
Sheikh Jassim's Leadership
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Ottoman Decline in the Gulf
Ottoman Decline in the Gulf
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Ottoman Attempts to Control Qatar
Ottoman Attempts to Control Qatar
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Aftermath of the Battle of Wajbah
Aftermath of the Battle of Wajbah
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Significance of the Battle of Wajbah
Significance of the Battle of Wajbah
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Ottoman and British Influence in the Gulf
Ottoman and British Influence in the Gulf
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Anglo-Ottoman Agreement of 1913
Anglo-Ottoman Agreement of 1913
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1935 Renewed Treaty
1935 Renewed Treaty
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Oil Discovery in Dukhan
Oil Discovery in Dukhan
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Economic Impact of World War II
Economic Impact of World War II
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Sheikh Ali bin Abdullah's Reign
Sheikh Ali bin Abdullah's Reign
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Sheikh Ahmed bin Ali's Reign
Sheikh Ahmed bin Ali's Reign
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Removal of British Advisors
Removal of British Advisors
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Basic Law and First Cabinet
Basic Law and First Cabinet
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Independence from Bahrain
Independence from Bahrain
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British Withdrawal from Qatar
British Withdrawal from Qatar
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Nine-Emirate Union Project
Nine-Emirate Union Project
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Factors Influencing British Withdrawal
Factors Influencing British Withdrawal
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Qatar's Independence
Qatar's Independence
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Post-Independence Measures
Post-Independence Measures
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The Era of Sheikh Khalifa bin Hamad
The Era of Sheikh Khalifa bin Hamad
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Economic Achievements of Sheikh Khalifa
Economic Achievements of Sheikh Khalifa
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Educational Focus Under Sheikh Khalifa
Educational Focus Under Sheikh Khalifa
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Study Notes
Study Notes
HIST 121 Post Midterm Notes
- Arab tribal migration from Najd to Eastern Arabia occurred in the early 18th century
- The Utub tribe, with its three branches (Al Sabah, Al Khalifa, and Al Jalahma), settled in Zubarah
- The Utub tribe later moved to Kuwait (Basra) in 1716
- Conflict arose between Utub branches, leading to the Al Khalifa and Al Jalahma returning to Zubarah in 1766, and remaining until 1783
- Sheikh Ahmad bin Mohammad Al Khalifa took control of Bahrain with the help of Qatari tribes, defeating the Al Madhkur in 1783
- The Al Thani family, tracing back to Banu Tamim, migrated from Central Arabia (Najd) due to drought, settling in various locations, eventually reaching Doha in 1848
- The First Saudi state, formed in 1745, controlled parts of the Arabian Gulf coast in 1788, leading to Ottoman intervention
- The Ottomans sought help from Muhammad Ali Pasha and his son Ibrahim Pasha of Egypt, resulting in a military campaign that ousted the Al Saud from Qatar, Al-Ahsa, and Gulf Emirates
- A conflict between Sheikh Abdullah bin Ahmed and Sheikh Mohammad bin Khalifa in Bahrain occurred from 1840-1843. Qatar tribes supported Sheikh Mohammad bin Khalifa
- Mohammad bin Thani and Qatari tribes attacked Bahrain, leading to Sheikh Abdullah moving to Dammam
- The sons of Sheikh Abdullah bin Ahmed sought to return to Bahrain but were denied.
The Bahraini Civil War (1840-1843) and its Impact on Qatar
- Sheikh Mohammad bin Khalifa, having been asked for support, rallied Qatari tribes in support
- The Qatari tribes used Fuwairat as a base to attack Bahrain, successfully taking control
- Sheikh Abdullah then moved to Dammam
- Qatari sheiks tried to convince Qataris to allow Sheikh Abdullah to return to Bahrain, but that was unsuccessful
Qatar and Second Saudi State (1843-1891):
- Abdullah bin Ahmed sought help from Faisal bin Turki for war against Mohammad bin Khalifa
- Mohammad bin Khalifa gathered an army to attack Doha, but the Qatari tribes, and Sheikh Saeed bin Tahnoun of Abu Dhabi, defended Doha.
- The Qataris saw independence as a goal and had a pious and brave leader
- Faisal bin Turki and the Qatari ruler formed an alliance in 1852.
Al Wakrah Incident 1866
- People of Ahmed bin Khalifa Al Khalifa (representative of Al Khalifa in Qatar) attacked the Nuaimi tribe at Al Wakrah
- Sheikh Jassim led the counterattack against Ahmed bin Khalifa Al Khalifa resulting in takeover of the fort and subsequent imprisonment
- Sheikh Jassim invited to Bahrain for consultations in 1867
- The Al Khalifa tribe allied with the rulers of Abu Dhabi (Sheikh Zayed bin Khalifa) and attacked Doha in 1867 due to lack of Qatari men (pearl diving season)
Ottoman Campaign Against Qatar in 1893
- Ottoman governor of Basra, Hafiz Pasha, attempted to increase Ottoman influence
- Sheikh Jassim moved his forces to Wajbah, outside Doha,
- Qatari forces engaged with Ottomanforces leading to retreat of the Ottomans
- Sheikh Jassim was successful and led to further weakening influence of Ottoman Empire in the region.
British Authorities
- British authorities intervened in Bahrain and Abu Dhabi
- Lewis Pelly, a British resident, ordered Abu Dhabi to pay a fine and apologize for attacks on Doha
- British authorities saw actions of Bahrain and Abu Dhabi as a threat.
1916 British Protection Treaty
- Britain sought to sign a treaty with Qatar after the Ottomans withdrew
- Negotiations over the treaty took more than a year
- The treaty was signed by Sheikh Abdullah.
- The treaty included provisions about combating arms trafficking, piracy, slave trade, and upholding maritime security.
Implications of the Treaty, Qatar Armament Crisis, and Renewal of British-Qatari treaty in 1935
- Britain did not fulfill its promise to supply Qatar with arms during WW1 due to self-interest
- Rumors of Al-Saud attacking Qatar increased concerns
- Treaty in 1935 was renewed to assure protection with promises of protection from Britain.
- Dispute over oil concessions and access caused further tensions
Economic Conditions in Qatar, World War II
- Oil explorations stopped in 1942, leading to unemployment
- Loss of vital state revenue due to closing of Anglo-Persian oil company
- Weakening pearl industry due to competition
- Difficult importing goods
Reign of Sheikh Ali bin Abdullah (1949-1960) and Sheikh Ahmed bin Ali (1960-1972):
- Sheikh Ali focused on economic growth, education and societal development.
- Sheikh Ahmed's reign was marked by the removal of a British advisor and political resident, temporary basic law and first cabinet, independence from Bahrain, and increased resources
British Withdrawal from the Arabian Gulf and Nine-Emirate Union Project
- Britain announced its intention to withdraw from Qatar in 1968 .
- The Nine-Emirate Union proposal for a unified entity was eventually abandoned due to disputes and disagreements among the emirates
Qatar's Independence
- Qatar's Independence was officially signed in 1971
- Significant measures included termination of the treaty with Bahrain, recognition as an independent state and membership in international organizations.
Reign of Sheikh Khalifa and Sheikh Hamad (1972-2013):
- Nationalization of oil petroleum companies in 1974
- Development of LNG company and Northfield Project
- Boost in revenues from oil and gas sector
- Establishment of educational institutions and manufacturing plants
Qatar's Social Structure in pre-oil days
- Nomadic (bedouin) communities were characterized by simplicity, isolation, tribal allegiances
- Semi-Bedouin communities occupied a blended nomadic and settled lifestyle.
- Settled coastal communities were permanent along coasts, engaging in crafts and professions.
- Woman in both Bedouin and settled communities supported their families and engaged in economic activities.
- Education occurred in Kuttab Schools.
- Prominent was Pearl Diving which was a major economic driver.
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