44 Questions
What is the primary characteristic of cartilage?
It is a type of connective tissue with high concentrations of GAGs and proteoglycans
What is the main function of cartilage in the body?
To provide a framework for soft tissues
What allows cartilage to bear mechanical stress?
The presence of GAGs and proteoglycans
What is the function of fibrocartilage in the body?
To absorb shock and facilitate sliding regions within joints
What is the characteristic of cartilage that allows for almost friction-free movements of the joints?
Its smooth surface
How do cartilage cells receive nutrition?
Through diffusion from vascularized outer covering
What is the function of cartilage in synovial joints?
To absorb shock and facilitate sliding regions within joints
What is the role of cartilage in the respiratory tract?
To form the framework supporting soft tissues
What is the characteristic that distinguishes fibrocartilage from other types of cartilage?
Abundant type I collagen
What is the function of type I collagen fibers in fibrocartilage?
To bear mechanical stresses
Why is the matrix of fibrocartilage more acidophilic?
Due to low proteoglycan content
What is the origin of cartilage in chondrogenesis?
Mesenchyme
What is the first step in chondrogenesis?
Rounding up of mesenchymal cells
What is the result of mitosis in chondroblasts?
Differentiation into chondroblasts
What is the location of chondrocytes in cartilage?
In the lacunae
How do chondrocytes obtain nutrients?
Through diffusion from blood vessels or synovial fluids
What is the purpose of perichondrium in cartilage?
Not present in fibrocartilage
What is the periosteum composed of?
Double layer of CT
What type of collagen is found in the outer fibrous layer of the periosteum?
Type I collagen
Which cells are found in the osteogenic layer of the periosteum?
Osteoprogenitor cells
What is the function of osteoblasts?
Secrete osteoid and form bone matrix
What is the name of the protein synthesized by osteoblasts?
Osteocalcin
What is the first visible step in calcification?
Mineralization of osteoid
What is the shape of active osteoblasts?
Columnar
What is the name of the fibers that bind periosteum to the bone?
Perforating fibers
Where is the periosteum absent?
At articular surfaces
What happens to the inorganic matrix during decalcification?
It is removed
What is the function of osteocytes?
To deposit calcium and mineral salts
During endochondral ossification, what happens to the hyaline cartilage model?
It undergoes degeneration
What penetrates the primary ossification center?
Blood capillaries
What is formed in the diaphysis during endochondral ossification?
Primary ossification center
What is the function of osteoprogenitor cells?
To secrete osteoid
What happens to the woven bone in the primary ossification center?
It is replaced by compact bone
What forms in the epiphysis at the time of birth?
Secondary ossification center
What is the result of bone collar formation?
Impeded diffusion of oxygen and nutrients
What is the function of the epiphyseal plate?
Bone elongation
What is the end result of the continuous deposition of bony matrix?
Formation of compact bone
What is the typical order of the overlapping zones in the epiphyseal plate?
From diaphysis to epiphysis
What is the role of blood vessels in the formation of trabecular bone?
They infiltrate the trabeculae and become red marrow
What is the outcome when the ossification centers fuse?
The bone reaches its full stature
What is the significance of the epiphyseal plate in childhood?
It promotes bone elongation
What is the type of cartilage used as a template in endochondral ossification?
Hyaline cartilage
What is the outcome of the fusion of ossification centers?
The formation of epiphyseal lines
What type of bone is formed through the process of endochondral ossification?
Both long and short bones
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