28 Questions
Which organ is responsible for the mechanical digestion of food?
Stomach
Where does absorption of digestion products into the blood and lymph occur?
Small intestine
Which region is located in the left upper quadrant of the abdominopelvic area?
Left hypochondriac region
What is the function of the salivary glands in the digestive system?
Production of saliva to aid in chemical digestion
What is the innermost layer of the digestive system?
Mucosa
What is the largest serous membrane of the body?
Peritoneum
What is the function of the mesentery?
Bind organs to the abdominal cavity wall
What are the two types of omenta formed of visceral peritoneum?
Greater omentum and lesser omentum
What is the term for abdominal organs lying behind the peritoneum?
Retroperitoneal
What are the three paired salivary glands?
Parotid, submandibular, and sublingual
What is the term for the inflammation of the peritoneum?
Peritonitis
What is the term for the primary dentition of teeth?
Deciduous
What is the term for the secondary dentition of teeth?
Permanent
What is the term for the folds formed in the stomach when empty to allow for expansion?
Rugae
What is the superficial layer of the digestive system?
Serosa
What is the layer of the digestive system consisting of two layers of smooth muscle separated by a network of nerve cells?
Muscularis externa
Which cells in the stomach secrete HCl and intrinsic factor?
Parietal cells
What is the function of Brunner's glands in the duodenum?
Secrete an alkaline mucous
What is the function of lacteals in the small intestine villi?
Absorb fats
Which hormone is secreted when chyme pH is too low?
Secretin
Which cells secrete digestive enzymes destined for the duodenum?
Acinar cells
What is the function of the liver's bile canaliculi?
Drain bile into the common hepatic duct
Where is the gallbladder located?
On the inferior surface of the liver
What is the function of the teniae coli in the large intestine?
Reduced to three bands
What is the unique feature of the rectum?
No teniae coli
Which blood vessel forms a portal system in the body?
Hepatic portal vein
Which artery supplies blood to the small and large intestine?
Superior mesenteric artery
What is the function of the Islets of Langerhans in the pancreas?
Secrete insulin and glucagon
Study Notes
Anatomy and Histology of the Digestive System
- Mucosa is the innermost layer of the digestive system, with epithelium, lamina propria, and muscularis mucosae, and it varies in structure in different parts of the digestive tract.
- The submucosa is an areolar connective tissue layer containing blood and lymphatic vessels and a network of nerve cells.
- The muscularis externa consists of two layers of smooth muscle separated by a network of nerve cells, forming the enteric nervous system.
- The serosa (or adventitia) is the superficial layer of the digestive system, and the largest serous membrane of the body is the peritoneum, which lines the abdominopelvic cavity and most of the organs.
- The mesentery is a fused, double-layer sheet of parietal peritoneum that binds organs to the abdominal cavity wall and helps hold them in place.
- The omenta are mesenteries formed of visceral peritoneum, including the greater omentum and the lesser omentum.
- Some abdominal organs are retroperitoneal, lying behind the peritoneum, and the inflammation of the peritoneum is called peritonitis.
- The oral cavity is lined by mucus membrane and contains structures such as the lips, cheeks, palate, tongue, and teeth.
- The teeth are classified into primary dentition (deciduous) and secondary dentition (permanent), each with different numbers of teeth and types of enamel.
- There are three paired salivary glands: parotid, submandibular, and sublingual, each secreting different types of saliva.
- The pharynx has a similar histology to the oral cavity and is connected to skeletal muscle.
- The stomach has distinct regions, unique histology in its muscularis externa, and forms folds (rugae) when empty to allow for expansion without tearing.
Test your knowledge of the anatomy and histology of the digestive system with this quiz. Explore the layers and structures of the gastrointestinal tract, from the mucosa to the serosa, and learn about the oral cavity, teeth, salivary glands, pharynx, and stomach.
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