PATHO FINAL QUIZ

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Questions and Answers

What is the primary function of histamine in the body?

  • To regulate blood pressure
  • To reduce inflammation
  • To cause allergic reactions and inflammation (correct)
  • To stimulate the sympathetic nervous system

Which of the following antihistamines is known for having less sedative effects?

  • Fexofenadine (Allegra)
  • Loratidine (Claritin) (correct)
  • Diphenhydramine (Benadryl)
  • Cetirizine (Zyrtec)

What is the primary mechanism of action of intranasal corticosteroids?

  • Reducing histamine production
  • Stimulating the sympathetic nervous system
  • Decreasing the secretion of inflammatory mediators (correct)
  • Blocking the action of histamine at H1 receptors

Which of the following medications is used to treat Cystic fibrosis and chronic bronchitis?

<p>Acetylcysteine (MucoMyst) (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary effect of cough suppressants on the body?

<p>Raising the cough threshold in the CNS (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary indication for the use of beta-adrenergic agonists?

<p>Treatment of acute bronchoconstriction (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary effect of expectorants on the body?

<p>Reducing the thickness of bronchial secretions (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary cause of pain and inflammation in gout?

<p>Uric crystals accumulating in the joints (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the therapeutic class of Colchicine?

<p>Antigout drug (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary adverse effect of Calcium Salts?

<p>Hypercalcemia (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why is it important to administer Calcium Salts with food?

<p>To reduce the risk of GI toxicity (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary mechanism of action of Biphosphonates?

<p>Suppressing the activity of osteoclasts (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the recommended administration timing for Biphosphonates?

<p>In the morning, 2 hours before breakfast (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary goal of administering Calcium Salts in severe cases of hypocalcemia?

<p>To return calcium serum levels to normal (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary action of Alendronate in the treatment of osteoporosis?

<p>Decrease the number and action of osteoclasts (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following medications is NOT a disease-modifying antirheumatic drug (DMARD)?

<p>Alendronate (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary mechanism of action of Proton Pump Inhibitors (PPIs) such as Omeprazole?

<p>Inhibiting the enzyme H+K+- ATPase (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following antacids can bind to certain other drugs and reduce their effectiveness?

<p>Aluminum Hydroxide (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary indication for the use of Alosetron in the treatment of Irritable Bowel Syndrome (IBS)?

<p>IBS with diarrhea (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary mechanism of action of Antidiarrheals such as Diphenoxylate with Atropine?

<p>Decreasing fluid secretion (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following medications is contraindicated in patients with a history of bowel obstruction?

<p>Alosetron (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary mechanism of action of diphenoxylate with atropine?

<p>Slowing peristalsis and increasing water absorption (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the therapeutic class of diphenoxylate with atropine?

<p>Opioid (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary effect of atropine in diphenoxylate with atropine?

<p>Exhibiting anticholinergic effects (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary site of blood backup in left-sided heart failure?

<p>Lungs (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary mechanism of action of cardiac glycosides such as digoxin?

<p>Increasing the contraction of the heart (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary indication for digoxin?

<p>Symptomatic treatment of heart failure (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary concern when administering digoxin to older adults?

<p>Higher incidence of adverse effects (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary laboratory value to monitor when administering digoxin?

<p>Serum digoxin levels (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary nursing consideration when administering digoxin?

<p>Monitoring apical pulse for 1 full minute (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary complication of gout that leads to pain and inflammation in the joints?

<p>Buildup of uric crystals in the joints (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary reason for administering Colchicine to patients with gout?

<p>To decrease the incidence of acute gout attacks (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary adverse effect of Calcium Salts that can lead to patient discomfort?

<p>Spasms (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary mechanism of action of Biphosphonates in the treatment of osteoporosis?

<p>Suppressing the activity of osteoclasts (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why is it essential to monitor serum calcium levels when administering Calcium Salts?

<p>To prevent hypercalcemia (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary indication for administering Calcium Salts in severe cases of hypocalcemia?

<p>To return calcium serum levels to normal (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary nursing consideration when administering Colchicine to patients with gout?

<p>Maintaining a narrow safety margin (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary effect of histamine in allergic rhinitis?

<p>Increasing mucus secretion and causing nasal congestion (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following medications is a prototype drug for mucolytics?

<p>Acetylcysteine (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary effect of cough suppressants on the body?

<p>Raising the cough threshold in the CNS (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following medications is a second-generation antihistamine?

<p>Cetirizine (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary effect of intranasal corticosteroids in the treatment of perennial allergic rhinitis?

<p>Reducing local inflammation in nasal passages (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following medications is used to treat asthma and is a prototype drug for beta-adrenergic agonists?

<p>Albuterol (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary effect of expectorants on the body?

<p>Increasing mucus flow and reducing its thickness (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary mechanism of action of Allopurinol in the treatment of gout?

<p>Inhibit uric acid production (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why is it important to monitor LFTs and CBC when administering Methotrexate?

<p>To monitor for bone marrow suppression and hepatic toxicity (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary indication for the use of Omeprazole in the treatment of peptic ulcer disease?

<p>For short-term therapy of active peptic ulcers (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary adverse effect of Esophageal Irritation caused by Alendronate?

<p>GI issues (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary mechanism of action of Hydroxychloroquine in the treatment of autoimmune disorders?

<p>Relieves severe inflammation (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary indication for the use of Alosetron in the treatment of Irritable Bowel Syndrome (IBS)?

<p>For female patients with IBS-D that has lasted more than 6 months and has been resistant to conventional management (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary nursing consideration when administering Allopurinol?

<p>Encourage intake of 2-3 liters of fluid a day (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary mechanism of action of diphenoxylate?

<p>Slows peristalsis and allows more time for water to be absorbed in the stool (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main difference between right-sided and left-sided heart failure?

<p>Right-sided heart failure causes blood to back up into the veins, while left-sided heart failure causes blood to back up into the lungs (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the therapeutic class of diphenoxylate with atropine?

<p>Opioid (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary nursing consideration when administering digoxin?

<p>Monitoring apical pulse for 1 full minute (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary effect of atropine in diphenoxylate with atropine?

<p>Anticholinergic effect, reducing the action of acetylcholine (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary interaction to be aware of when administering digoxin with diuretics?

<p>Increased risk of hypokalemia (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary adverse effect of diphenoxylate with atropine?

<p>Dizziness or drowsiness (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary laboratory value to monitor when administering digoxin?

<p>Serum digoxin levels (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary contraindication for the use of digoxin?

<p>Ventricular dysrhythmias (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary effect of diphenoxylate on the gut?

<p>Slows peristalsis (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the therapeutic class of cardiac glycosides such as digoxin?

<p>Cardiac glycoside (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary complication of heart failure that leads to fluid in the lungs?

<p>Pulmonary edema (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary interaction to be aware of when administering digoxin with ACE inhibitors?

<p>Hyperkalemia (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary reason for withholding digoxin based on apical pulse?

<p>Dysrhythmias (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary effect of atropine in diphenoxylate with atropine?

<p>Anticholinergic effects (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary nursing consideration when administering digoxin to older adults?

<p>Higher incidence of adverse effects (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary mechanism of action of cardiac glycosides in the treatment of heart failure?

<p>All of the above (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary effect of phenothiazine and phenothiazine-like drugs?

<p>All of the above (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary adverse effect of diphenoxylate with atropine?

<p>Dizziness or drowsiness (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary effect of diphenoxylate on the body?

<p>Slows peristalsis (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary reason for frequent serum checks when administering digoxin?

<p>To monitor for toxicity (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary effect of atropine in diphenoxylate with atropine?

<p>Anticholinergic effects (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary site of blood backup in right-sided heart failure?

<p>Veins (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary interaction to be aware of when administering digoxin with diuretics?

<p>Hypokalemia (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

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