PATHO FINAL QUIZ
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Questions and Answers

What is the primary function of histamine in the body?

  • To regulate blood pressure
  • To reduce inflammation
  • To cause allergic reactions and inflammation (correct)
  • To stimulate the sympathetic nervous system

    • Which of the following antihistamines is known for having less sedative effects?

  • Fexofenadine (Allegra)
  • Loratidine (Claritin) (correct)
  • Diphenhydramine (Benadryl)
  • Cetirizine (Zyrtec)

    • What is the primary mechanism of action of intranasal corticosteroids?

  • Reducing histamine production
  • Stimulating the sympathetic nervous system
  • Decreasing the secretion of inflammatory mediators (correct)
  • Blocking the action of histamine at H1 receptors

    • Which of the following medications is used to treat Cystic fibrosis and chronic bronchitis?

    <p>Acetylcysteine (MucoMyst)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary effect of cough suppressants on the body?

    <p>Raising the cough threshold in the CNS</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary indication for the use of beta-adrenergic agonists?

    <p>Treatment of acute bronchoconstriction</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary effect of expectorants on the body?

    <p>Reducing the thickness of bronchial secretions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary cause of pain and inflammation in gout?

    <p>Uric crystals accumulating in the joints</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the therapeutic class of Colchicine?

    <p>Antigout drug</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary adverse effect of Calcium Salts?

    <p>Hypercalcemia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is it important to administer Calcium Salts with food?

    <p>To reduce the risk of GI toxicity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary mechanism of action of Biphosphonates?

    <p>Suppressing the activity of osteoclasts</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the recommended administration timing for Biphosphonates?

    <p>In the morning, 2 hours before breakfast</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary goal of administering Calcium Salts in severe cases of hypocalcemia?

    <p>To return calcium serum levels to normal</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary action of Alendronate in the treatment of osteoporosis?

    <p>Decrease the number and action of osteoclasts</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following medications is NOT a disease-modifying antirheumatic drug (DMARD)?

    <p>Alendronate</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary mechanism of action of Proton Pump Inhibitors (PPIs) such as Omeprazole?

    <p>Inhibiting the enzyme H+K+- ATPase</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following antacids can bind to certain other drugs and reduce their effectiveness?

    <p>Aluminum Hydroxide</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary indication for the use of Alosetron in the treatment of Irritable Bowel Syndrome (IBS)?

    <p>IBS with diarrhea</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary mechanism of action of Antidiarrheals such as Diphenoxylate with Atropine?

    <p>Decreasing fluid secretion</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following medications is contraindicated in patients with a history of bowel obstruction?

    <p>Alosetron</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary mechanism of action of diphenoxylate with atropine?

    <p>Slowing peristalsis and increasing water absorption</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the therapeutic class of diphenoxylate with atropine?

    <p>Opioid</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary effect of atropine in diphenoxylate with atropine?

    <p>Exhibiting anticholinergic effects</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary site of blood backup in left-sided heart failure?

    <p>Lungs</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary mechanism of action of cardiac glycosides such as digoxin?

    <p>Increasing the contraction of the heart</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary indication for digoxin?

    <p>Symptomatic treatment of heart failure</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary concern when administering digoxin to older adults?

    <p>Higher incidence of adverse effects</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary laboratory value to monitor when administering digoxin?

    <p>Serum digoxin levels</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary nursing consideration when administering digoxin?

    <p>Monitoring apical pulse for 1 full minute</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary complication of gout that leads to pain and inflammation in the joints?

    <p>Buildup of uric crystals in the joints</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary reason for administering Colchicine to patients with gout?

    <p>To decrease the incidence of acute gout attacks</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary adverse effect of Calcium Salts that can lead to patient discomfort?

    <p>Spasms</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary mechanism of action of Biphosphonates in the treatment of osteoporosis?

    <p>Suppressing the activity of osteoclasts</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is it essential to monitor serum calcium levels when administering Calcium Salts?

    <p>To prevent hypercalcemia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary indication for administering Calcium Salts in severe cases of hypocalcemia?

    <p>To return calcium serum levels to normal</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary nursing consideration when administering Colchicine to patients with gout?

    <p>Maintaining a narrow safety margin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary effect of histamine in allergic rhinitis?

    <p>Increasing mucus secretion and causing nasal congestion</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following medications is a prototype drug for mucolytics?

    <p>Acetylcysteine</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary effect of cough suppressants on the body?

    <p>Raising the cough threshold in the CNS</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following medications is a second-generation antihistamine?

    <p>Cetirizine</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary effect of intranasal corticosteroids in the treatment of perennial allergic rhinitis?

    <p>Reducing local inflammation in nasal passages</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following medications is used to treat asthma and is a prototype drug for beta-adrenergic agonists?

    <p>Albuterol</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary effect of expectorants on the body?

    <p>Increasing mucus flow and reducing its thickness</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary mechanism of action of Allopurinol in the treatment of gout?

    <p>Inhibit uric acid production</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is it important to monitor LFTs and CBC when administering Methotrexate?

    <p>To monitor for bone marrow suppression and hepatic toxicity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary indication for the use of Omeprazole in the treatment of peptic ulcer disease?

    <p>For short-term therapy of active peptic ulcers</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary adverse effect of Esophageal Irritation caused by Alendronate?

    <p>GI issues</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary mechanism of action of Hydroxychloroquine in the treatment of autoimmune disorders?

    <p>Relieves severe inflammation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary indication for the use of Alosetron in the treatment of Irritable Bowel Syndrome (IBS)?

    <p>For female patients with IBS-D that has lasted more than 6 months and has been resistant to conventional management</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary nursing consideration when administering Allopurinol?

    <p>Encourage intake of 2-3 liters of fluid a day</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary mechanism of action of diphenoxylate?

    <p>Slows peristalsis and allows more time for water to be absorbed in the stool</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main difference between right-sided and left-sided heart failure?

    <p>Right-sided heart failure causes blood to back up into the veins, while left-sided heart failure causes blood to back up into the lungs</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the therapeutic class of diphenoxylate with atropine?

    <p>Opioid</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary nursing consideration when administering digoxin?

    <p>Monitoring apical pulse for 1 full minute</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary effect of atropine in diphenoxylate with atropine?

    <p>Anticholinergic effect, reducing the action of acetylcholine</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary interaction to be aware of when administering digoxin with diuretics?

    <p>Increased risk of hypokalemia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary adverse effect of diphenoxylate with atropine?

    <p>Dizziness or drowsiness</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary laboratory value to monitor when administering digoxin?

    <p>Serum digoxin levels</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary contraindication for the use of digoxin?

    <p>Ventricular dysrhythmias</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary effect of diphenoxylate on the gut?

    <p>Slows peristalsis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the therapeutic class of cardiac glycosides such as digoxin?

    <p>Cardiac glycoside</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary complication of heart failure that leads to fluid in the lungs?

    <p>Pulmonary edema</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary interaction to be aware of when administering digoxin with ACE inhibitors?

    <p>Hyperkalemia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary reason for withholding digoxin based on apical pulse?

    <p>Dysrhythmias</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary effect of atropine in diphenoxylate with atropine?

    <p>Anticholinergic effects</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary nursing consideration when administering digoxin to older adults?

    <p>Higher incidence of adverse effects</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary mechanism of action of cardiac glycosides in the treatment of heart failure?

    <p>All of the above</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary effect of phenothiazine and phenothiazine-like drugs?

    <p>All of the above</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary adverse effect of diphenoxylate with atropine?

    <p>Dizziness or drowsiness</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary effect of diphenoxylate on the body?

    <p>Slows peristalsis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary reason for frequent serum checks when administering digoxin?

    <p>To monitor for toxicity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary effect of atropine in diphenoxylate with atropine?

    <p>Anticholinergic effects</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary site of blood backup in right-sided heart failure?

    <p>Veins</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary interaction to be aware of when administering digoxin with diuretics?

    <p>Hypokalemia</p> Signup and view all the answers

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