75 Questions
What is the primary function of histamine in the body?
To cause allergic reactions and inflammation
Which of the following antihistamines is known for having less sedative effects?
Loratidine (Claritin)
What is the primary mechanism of action of intranasal corticosteroids?
Decreasing the secretion of inflammatory mediators
Which of the following medications is used to treat Cystic fibrosis and chronic bronchitis?
Acetylcysteine (MucoMyst)
What is the primary effect of cough suppressants on the body?
Raising the cough threshold in the CNS
What is the primary indication for the use of beta-adrenergic agonists?
Treatment of acute bronchoconstriction
What is the primary effect of expectorants on the body?
Reducing the thickness of bronchial secretions
What is the primary cause of pain and inflammation in gout?
Uric crystals accumulating in the joints
What is the therapeutic class of Colchicine?
Antigout drug
What is the primary adverse effect of Calcium Salts?
Hypercalcemia
Why is it important to administer Calcium Salts with food?
To reduce the risk of GI toxicity
What is the primary mechanism of action of Biphosphonates?
Suppressing the activity of osteoclasts
What is the recommended administration timing for Biphosphonates?
In the morning, 2 hours before breakfast
What is the primary goal of administering Calcium Salts in severe cases of hypocalcemia?
To return calcium serum levels to normal
What is the primary action of Alendronate in the treatment of osteoporosis?
Decrease the number and action of osteoclasts
Which of the following medications is NOT a disease-modifying antirheumatic drug (DMARD)?
Alendronate
What is the primary mechanism of action of Proton Pump Inhibitors (PPIs) such as Omeprazole?
Inhibiting the enzyme H+K+- ATPase
Which of the following antacids can bind to certain other drugs and reduce their effectiveness?
Aluminum Hydroxide
What is the primary indication for the use of Alosetron in the treatment of Irritable Bowel Syndrome (IBS)?
IBS with diarrhea
What is the primary mechanism of action of Antidiarrheals such as Diphenoxylate with Atropine?
Decreasing fluid secretion
Which of the following medications is contraindicated in patients with a history of bowel obstruction?
Alosetron
What is the primary mechanism of action of diphenoxylate with atropine?
Slowing peristalsis and increasing water absorption
What is the therapeutic class of diphenoxylate with atropine?
Opioid
What is the primary effect of atropine in diphenoxylate with atropine?
Exhibiting anticholinergic effects
What is the primary site of blood backup in left-sided heart failure?
Lungs
What is the primary mechanism of action of cardiac glycosides such as digoxin?
Increasing the contraction of the heart
What is the primary indication for digoxin?
Symptomatic treatment of heart failure
What is the primary concern when administering digoxin to older adults?
Higher incidence of adverse effects
What is the primary laboratory value to monitor when administering digoxin?
Serum digoxin levels
What is the primary nursing consideration when administering digoxin?
Monitoring apical pulse for 1 full minute
What is the primary complication of gout that leads to pain and inflammation in the joints?
Buildup of uric crystals in the joints
What is the primary reason for administering Colchicine to patients with gout?
To decrease the incidence of acute gout attacks
What is the primary adverse effect of Calcium Salts that can lead to patient discomfort?
Spasms
What is the primary mechanism of action of Biphosphonates in the treatment of osteoporosis?
Suppressing the activity of osteoclasts
Why is it essential to monitor serum calcium levels when administering Calcium Salts?
To prevent hypercalcemia
What is the primary indication for administering Calcium Salts in severe cases of hypocalcemia?
To return calcium serum levels to normal
What is the primary nursing consideration when administering Colchicine to patients with gout?
Maintaining a narrow safety margin
What is the primary effect of histamine in allergic rhinitis?
Increasing mucus secretion and causing nasal congestion
Which of the following medications is a prototype drug for mucolytics?
Acetylcysteine
What is the primary effect of cough suppressants on the body?
Raising the cough threshold in the CNS
Which of the following medications is a second-generation antihistamine?
Cetirizine
What is the primary effect of intranasal corticosteroids in the treatment of perennial allergic rhinitis?
Reducing local inflammation in nasal passages
Which of the following medications is used to treat asthma and is a prototype drug for beta-adrenergic agonists?
Albuterol
What is the primary effect of expectorants on the body?
Increasing mucus flow and reducing its thickness
What is the primary mechanism of action of Allopurinol in the treatment of gout?
Inhibit uric acid production
Why is it important to monitor LFTs and CBC when administering Methotrexate?
To monitor for bone marrow suppression and hepatic toxicity
What is the primary indication for the use of Omeprazole in the treatment of peptic ulcer disease?
For short-term therapy of active peptic ulcers
What is the primary adverse effect of Esophageal Irritation caused by Alendronate?
GI issues
What is the primary mechanism of action of Hydroxychloroquine in the treatment of autoimmune disorders?
Relieves severe inflammation
What is the primary indication for the use of Alosetron in the treatment of Irritable Bowel Syndrome (IBS)?
For female patients with IBS-D that has lasted more than 6 months and has been resistant to conventional management
What is the primary nursing consideration when administering Allopurinol?
Encourage intake of 2-3 liters of fluid a day
What is the primary mechanism of action of diphenoxylate?
Slows peristalsis and allows more time for water to be absorbed in the stool
What is the main difference between right-sided and left-sided heart failure?
Right-sided heart failure causes blood to back up into the veins, while left-sided heart failure causes blood to back up into the lungs
What is the therapeutic class of diphenoxylate with atropine?
Opioid
What is the primary nursing consideration when administering digoxin?
Monitoring apical pulse for 1 full minute
What is the primary effect of atropine in diphenoxylate with atropine?
Anticholinergic effect, reducing the action of acetylcholine
What is the primary interaction to be aware of when administering digoxin with diuretics?
Increased risk of hypokalemia
What is the primary adverse effect of diphenoxylate with atropine?
Dizziness or drowsiness
What is the primary laboratory value to monitor when administering digoxin?
Serum digoxin levels
What is the primary contraindication for the use of digoxin?
Ventricular dysrhythmias
What is the primary effect of diphenoxylate on the gut?
Slows peristalsis
What is the therapeutic class of cardiac glycosides such as digoxin?
Cardiac glycoside
What is the primary complication of heart failure that leads to fluid in the lungs?
Pulmonary edema
What is the primary interaction to be aware of when administering digoxin with ACE inhibitors?
Hyperkalemia
What is the primary reason for withholding digoxin based on apical pulse?
Dysrhythmias
What is the primary effect of atropine in diphenoxylate with atropine?
Anticholinergic effects
What is the primary nursing consideration when administering digoxin to older adults?
Higher incidence of adverse effects
What is the primary mechanism of action of cardiac glycosides in the treatment of heart failure?
All of the above
What is the primary effect of phenothiazine and phenothiazine-like drugs?
All of the above
What is the primary adverse effect of diphenoxylate with atropine?
Dizziness or drowsiness
What is the primary effect of diphenoxylate on the body?
Slows peristalsis
What is the primary reason for frequent serum checks when administering digoxin?
To monitor for toxicity
What is the primary effect of atropine in diphenoxylate with atropine?
Anticholinergic effects
What is the primary site of blood backup in right-sided heart failure?
Veins
What is the primary interaction to be aware of when administering digoxin with diuretics?
Hypokalemia
Test your knowledge on histamine, a chemical mediator of inflammation, and its role in allergic reactions. Learn about the effects of histamine and how antihistamines work to block its actions, including the differences between first and second generation antihistamines.
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