Pharmacology: Antihistamines and Histamine Release Inducing Drugs
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Questions and Answers

What is the enzyme responsible for catalyzing the conversion of L-Histidine into histamine?

  • Imidazole Acetic Acid Synthase
  • N-methyl transferase
  • Histamine Oxidase
  • L-Histidine Decarboxylase (correct)

Which amino acid precursor is required for the biosynthesis of histamine?

  • Lysine
  • L-Histidine (correct)
  • Phenylalanine
  • Arginine

What is the final metabolite produced when methylation occurs during the degradation of histamine?

  • Diamine oxidase
  • Histidine
  • Imidazole acetic acid
  • Methyl imidazole acetic acid (correct)

Which drug induces the release of histamine and is derived from plants?

<p>Reserpine (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Where does the oxidation of methylated histamine directly occur in its metabolism?

<p>Diamine Oxidase (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which enzyme adds a methyl group to the structure of histamine during its degradation process?

<p>N-methyl transferase (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main second messenger pathway associated with histamine H1 receptors?

<p>IP3 &amp; DAG signaling (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which histamine receptor subtype is primarily responsible for bronchoconstriction in the airways?

<p>H1 receptor (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main effect of histamine H1 receptor activation on endothelial cells in capillaries?

<p>Vascular leakage and edema (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What response commonly occurs during anaphylaxis due to increased histamine concentration?

<p>Hypotension (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which signaling molecules are released from endothelial cells upon activation of histamine H1 receptors in blood vessels?

<p>Nitric oxide &amp; Prostaglandin I (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main compensatory mechanism triggered by the body in response to a decrease in blood pressure due to histamine H1 receptor activation?

<p>Reflex Tachycardia (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which second-generation antihistamine is considered a derivative of cetirizine?

<p>Levocetirizine (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which antihistamine is recommended for customers with occupations like drivers and pilots due to its non-sedating effect?

<p>Loratadine (Claritin) (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which antihistamine is known as the active metabolite of loratadine?

<p>Desloratadine (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which antihistamine is primarily used for individuals who need a non-sedating effect, such as pilots and drivers?

<p>Fexofenadine (Allegra) (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which first-generation antihistamine is considered the drug of choice for acute dystonia or dystonia crisis?

<p>Diphenhydramine (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the specialized process that serotonin undergoes when it is formed?

<p>Vesicular storage process (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Where is the majority of serotonin synthesized in the body?

<p>Platelets (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What allows the transport of biogenic monoamines like serotonin into vesicles?

<p>Vesicular Monoamine Transporter (VMAT) (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What triggers the movement of stored forms of serotonin in vesicles?

<p>Entry of Ca2+ via Voltage-gated Calcium Ion channels (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is one possible fate of serotonin in the synaptic cleft?

<p>Enhanced serotonergic effect (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why must neurotransmitters synthesized in the presynapse be stored in vesicles?

<p>To prevent premature metabolism (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary use of Ergotamine?

<p>Prophylaxis of Migraine (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which medication is NOT a vaso-selective agent?

<p>Methysergide (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the first-line management for Postpartum Hemorrhage?

<p>Oxytocin (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which medication is a 5-HT3 antagonist?

<p>Granisetron (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a severe side effect associated with Methysergide?

<p>Retroperitoneal Fibrosis (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which medication is legally used in Europe as an anti-hypertensive agent?

<p>Ketanserin (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

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