Pharmacology: Antihistamines and Histamine Release Inducing Drugs
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Questions and Answers

What is the enzyme responsible for catalyzing the conversion of L-Histidine into histamine?

  • Imidazole Acetic Acid Synthase
  • N-methyl transferase
  • Histamine Oxidase
  • L-Histidine Decarboxylase (correct)
  • Which amino acid precursor is required for the biosynthesis of histamine?

  • Lysine
  • L-Histidine (correct)
  • Phenylalanine
  • Arginine
  • What is the final metabolite produced when methylation occurs during the degradation of histamine?

  • Diamine oxidase
  • Histidine
  • Imidazole acetic acid
  • Methyl imidazole acetic acid (correct)
  • Which drug induces the release of histamine and is derived from plants?

    <p>Reserpine</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where does the oxidation of methylated histamine directly occur in its metabolism?

    <p>Diamine Oxidase</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which enzyme adds a methyl group to the structure of histamine during its degradation process?

    <p>N-methyl transferase</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main second messenger pathway associated with histamine H1 receptors?

    <p>IP3 &amp; DAG signaling</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which histamine receptor subtype is primarily responsible for bronchoconstriction in the airways?

    <p>H1 receptor</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main effect of histamine H1 receptor activation on endothelial cells in capillaries?

    <p>Vascular leakage and edema</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What response commonly occurs during anaphylaxis due to increased histamine concentration?

    <p>Hypotension</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which signaling molecules are released from endothelial cells upon activation of histamine H1 receptors in blood vessels?

    <p>Nitric oxide &amp; Prostaglandin I</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main compensatory mechanism triggered by the body in response to a decrease in blood pressure due to histamine H1 receptor activation?

    <p>Reflex Tachycardia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which second-generation antihistamine is considered a derivative of cetirizine?

    <p>Levocetirizine</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which antihistamine is recommended for customers with occupations like drivers and pilots due to its non-sedating effect?

    <p>Loratadine (Claritin)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which antihistamine is known as the active metabolite of loratadine?

    <p>Desloratadine</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which antihistamine is primarily used for individuals who need a non-sedating effect, such as pilots and drivers?

    <p>Fexofenadine (Allegra)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which first-generation antihistamine is considered the drug of choice for acute dystonia or dystonia crisis?

    <p>Diphenhydramine</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the specialized process that serotonin undergoes when it is formed?

    <p>Vesicular storage process</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where is the majority of serotonin synthesized in the body?

    <p>Platelets</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What allows the transport of biogenic monoamines like serotonin into vesicles?

    <p>Vesicular Monoamine Transporter (VMAT)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What triggers the movement of stored forms of serotonin in vesicles?

    <p>Entry of Ca2+ via Voltage-gated Calcium Ion channels</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one possible fate of serotonin in the synaptic cleft?

    <p>Enhanced serotonergic effect</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why must neurotransmitters synthesized in the presynapse be stored in vesicles?

    <p>To prevent premature metabolism</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary use of Ergotamine?

    <p>Prophylaxis of Migraine</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which medication is NOT a vaso-selective agent?

    <p>Methysergide</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the first-line management for Postpartum Hemorrhage?

    <p>Oxytocin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which medication is a 5-HT3 antagonist?

    <p>Granisetron</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a severe side effect associated with Methysergide?

    <p>Retroperitoneal Fibrosis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which medication is legally used in Europe as an anti-hypertensive agent?

    <p>Ketanserin</p> Signup and view all the answers

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