Histamine and Antihistamines Quiz

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What is the primary mechanism of action of antihistamine drugs?

Binding to histamine receptors on nerve endings

Preventing the synthesis of histamine molecules

Competing with histamine for unoccupied receptors on basophils and mast cells (correct)

Pushing off histamine already bound to a receptor

When are antihistamines most beneficial in a histamine-mediated reaction?

After all free histamine molecules bind to cell membrane receptors

When all histamine molecules are already bound to receptors

During the release of histamine from basophils and mast cells

Before all free histamine molecules bind to cell membrane receptors (correct)

Which of the following is NOT a consequence of histamine binding that is prevented by H1 blockers?

Decreased capillary permeability (correct)

Vasodilation

Increased GI secretions

Increased salivary secretions

What are antihistamines indicated for the treatment of?

Seasonal allergic rhinitis Signup and view all the answers

What is a contraindication for the use of antihistamines?

Known drug allergy Signup and view all the answers

How do antihistamines affect the release and actions of histamine stored within basophils and mast cells?

Prevent the release and actions of stored histamine Signup and view all the answers

What are the common adverse effects of benzonatate?

Dizziness, headache, and sedation Signup and view all the answers

Which antitussive drug is classified as a pregnancy category C drug?

Benzonatate Signup and view all the answers

What are the common adverse effects of codeine and hydrocodone?

Sedation, nausea, and vomiting Signup and view all the answers

How does benzonatate work as an antitussive drug?

By numbing or anesthetizing the cough receptors Signup and view all the answers

Which antitussive is commonly available over-the-counter (OTC)?

Dextromethorphan Signup and view all the answers

What is a potential drug interaction associated with opioid antitussives like codeine and hydrocodone?

Potentiation with other opioids and CNS depressants Signup and view all the answers

How do nasal decongestants primarily work?

By constricting the small arterioles in the nasal mucous membranes Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is not a commonly used intranasal steroid?

Mometasone furoate (Nasonex) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following drugs is an intranasal anticholinergic?

Ipratropium Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary purpose of using intranasal steroids?

To prevent nasal congestion Signup and view all the answers

Why are nasal decongestants referred to as sympathomimetics?

Because they produce effects similar to sympathetic nervous system stimulation Signup and view all the answers

What is the mechanism of action of adrenergic drugs like ephedrine and oxymetazoline?

By constricting small arterioles supplying nasal structures Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements about codeine-containing cough suppressants is true?

They can cause respiratory depression as part of their effects. Signup and view all the answers

What is the pregnancy category classification of codeine?

Category C Signup and view all the answers

What characteristic makes dextromethorphan different from codeine when used in recommended dosages?

It is safe. Signup and view all the answers

In what dosage forms is dextromethorphan available?

Lozenges, liquid-filled capsules, tablets, and suspension Signup and view all the answers

What patient condition is a contraindication for using dextromethorphan?

Asthma or emphysema Signup and view all the answers

What is the most significant difference between codeine and dextromethorphan in terms of potential abuse?

Codeine has become a popular drug of abuse while dextromethorphan has not. Signup and view all the answers

What is a contraindication for inhaled intranasal steroids?

Nasal mucosal infection Signup and view all the answers

What is an important aspect to include in the assessment when using decongestants?

Assessment of signs and symptoms before and after use Signup and view all the answers

What is a common side effect associated with antitussive therapy?

Sedation, dizziness, and drowsiness Signup and view all the answers

What additional aspect might the prescriber order for individuals with chronic respiratory disease before prescribing certain drugs?

Further studies to determine safety Signup and view all the answers

What is used to provide more information during the assessment in addition to respiratory parameters?

Pulse oximetry readings with vital signs Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a potential drug interaction to assess for when administering certain medications?

Alcohol Signup and view all the answers