Lecture #13 and #14 - Hip Anatomy and Hip Assessment
222 Questions
14 Views

Choose a study mode

Play Quiz
Study Flashcards
Spaced Repetition
Chat to lesson

Podcast

Play an AI-generated podcast conversation about this lesson

Questions and Answers

What are the three anatomical structures that form the acetabulofemoral joint?

The acetabulum of the os coxa, the innominate bone, and the head of the femur.

What is the hip joint otherwise known as?

Acetabulofemoral joint or femoroacetabular joint.

In what ways are the acetabulofemoral joint and the glenohumeral joint similar?

Both permit 3 degrees of freedom of movement.

What is the primary difference between the acetabulofemoral joint and the glenohumeral joint?

<p>The acetabulum is deeper than the glenoid cavity in the shoulder.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the acetabulofemoral joint provide more of compared to the glenohumeral joint and why?

<p>A greater degree of stability due to the depth and surface area of the acetabulum being increased by the acetabular labrum.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the normative range for the angle of inclination in adults?

<p>125-130 degrees.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is acetabulum's meaning in Latin?

<p>Vinegar cup.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the effect of a deeper acetabulum in terms of mobility compared to the glenohumeral joint?

<p>It provides less mobility because it restricts the movement of the femoral head.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a key consideration when assessing knee range of motion?

<p>Knee position.</p> Signup and view all the answers

In what position should hip isometric muscle testing commonly be performed?

<p>Laying down.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Identify the two factors that influence whether an end feel is classified as soft or firm.

<p>The person's range of motion and any obstructions causing soft tissue approximation.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What should be prioritized during a strength assessment before correcting compensation strategies?

<p>Assessing if the individual can actively maintain a neutral pelvis and control pelvic movement.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What occurs if a person lacks the capacity to maintain a fixed point during strength testing?

<p>They will struggle to demonstrate strength and power in the tested muscles.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are superior glides at the hip also referred to as?

<p>Compression.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Name the three ranges of knee motion impacted by knee position during testing.

<p>Flexion ROM, Extension ROM, and Rotation.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the 4 key aspects of isometric muscle testing?

<p>Bilateral testing, assessing pain, grading strength, and correcting compensation strategies.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why can palpation at the hip be particularly challenging?

<p>There is a significant amount of soft tissue, making it difficult to isolate specific structures.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are two methods to mitigate difficulties encountered when palpating the hip?

<p>Contracting tissue and stretching tissue.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does a valgus deformity at the knee indicate about the alignment of the lower leg?

<p>It indicates that the lower leg is angled outward in relation to the thigh.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is coxa vara?

<p>Coxa vara is a condition characterized by a decreased angle of inclination of the femoral neck.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What two structures form the angle of inclination?

<p>The shaft of the femur and neck of the femur.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the normative angle of torsion considered for the femoral neck?

<p>The normative angle of torsion is 8-15 degrees forward from the line between the femoral condyles.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the hyaline cartilage cover in synovial joints?

<p>It covers the ends of bones.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What motion does the iliofemoral ligament primarily limit?

<p>It primarily limits hyperextension of the hip joint.</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does the ischiofemoral ligament affect movement in the hip?

<p>It restricts extension and provides stability during extreme flexion.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the ligament of the head of the femur?

<p>It provides stability to the hip and serves as a conduit for blood supply.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the transverse acetabular ligament connect?

<p>It connects the two sides of the labrum at the bottom.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Where does the inguinal ligament run?

<p>It runs between the anterior superior iliac spine (ASIS) and the pubis.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What structural change is associated with developmental periods concerning the angle of inclination?

<p>Variations in the angle may occur, but only specific types are recognized by adulthood.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the pathological implications of a decreased angle of torsion?

<p>It can lead to retroversion, causing alignment issues with the femoral condyles.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What happens to the ischiofemoral ligament between flexion and extension?

<p>It winds and unwinds as the hip moves.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which muscle is innervated by the common peroneal nerve?

<p>Short head of the biceps femoris</p> Signup and view all the answers

List the three muscles innervated by the superior gluteal nerve.

<p>Gluteus medius, gluteus minimus, tensor fasciae latae</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which muscle does the inferior gluteal nerve innervate?

<p>Gluteus maximus</p> Signup and view all the answers

What muscles does the obturator nerve innervate?

<p>Adductor longus, adductor brevis, adductor magnus (adductor portion), gracilis, obturator externus</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the lateral cutaneous nerve of the thigh supply?

<p>Sensation to the skin on the lateral aspect of the thigh</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which compartments of the thigh are innervated by the femoral and obturator nerves?

<p>Anterior and medial compartments</p> Signup and view all the answers

Identify the two nerves that innervate the adductor magnus.

<p>Sciatic and obturator nerves</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the location of the trochanteric bursa?

<p>The region of the greater trochanter of the femur</p> Signup and view all the answers

In which area is the iliopectineal/iliopsoas bursa located?

<p>Anterior aspect of the hip in front of the femur</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the acetabular fossa?

<p>Deepens the fossa and acetabulum by about 25-30%</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which condition are males more likely to develop than females?

<p>Osteitis pubis</p> Signup and view all the answers

List the six most common traumatic conditions of the hip.

<p>Dislocations, subluxations, fractures, labral injuries, sprains, strains</p> Signup and view all the answers

What hip condition is typically associated with sharp pain?

<p>Fractures with osteoporosis</p> Signup and view all the answers

What three general kinds of conditions can be associated with locking, clicking, and catching in the hip?

<p>Intraarticular pathologies, tendon conditions, bursa conditions</p> Signup and view all the answers

What aspect of history can be related to congenital abnormalities of the hip?

<p>Age</p> Signup and view all the answers

What structure surrounds the hip joint to enhance stability?

<p>The joint capsule.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the two main components that contribute to the stability of the hip joint capsule?

<p>Substantial ligamentous support and the design of the deeper socket.</p> Signup and view all the answers

List the main arteries that supply blood to the hip using their acronym.

<p>GIFCODA: Gluteal arteries, Internal/external iliac, Femoral, Circumflex, Obturator, Deep artery of the thigh, Artery of the ligament to the head of the femur.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the order of blood flow in the arteries supplying the hip?

<p>Internal/external iliac -&gt; Femoral -&gt; Obturator -&gt; Deep artery of the thigh -&gt; Circumflex -&gt; Gluteal -&gt; Artery of the ligament to the head of the femur.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the four structures supplied by the internal/external iliac arteries?

<p>Pelvis, Gluteal area, Medial thigh, Perineum.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the significance of the circumflex arteries?

<p>They are crucial for blood supply to the head and neck of the femur, as well as the posterior and lateral thigh.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of the lateral cutaneous nerve of the thigh?

<p>It innervates the skin of the lateral thigh and is clinically relevant due to its vulnerability.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Identify two muscle groups innervated by the femoral nerve.

<p>Iliacus and quadriceps femoris group.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which major nerve is responsible for innervating the hamstring muscles?

<p>The sciatic nerve.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What condition arises from the compression or irritation of the lateral femoral cutaneous nerve?

<p>Meralgia paresthetica.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the term 'profunda' mean in Latin, and how is it relevant in hip anatomy?

<p>'Profunda' means 'deep' and refers to the deep artery of the thigh.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Describe the flow direction of blood in veins associated with the hip.

<p>Blood flows distal to proximal in hip veins.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which artery serves as the primary blood supply to the lower limb?

<p>The external iliac artery.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What types of conditions are commonly associated with deep hip pain?

<p>Intra-articular pathology is commonly associated with deep hip pain.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What branches arise from the femoral artery?

<p>Obturator, deep artery of the thigh, and circumflex arteries.</p> Signup and view all the answers

During what stage of the day might a patient report increased hip pain?

<p>Patients often report increased hip pain first thing in the morning.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What hormonal changes during pregnancy may lead to hip pain?

<p>Ligamentous laxity and hormonal components can lead to hip pain during pregnancy.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are three areas where cramping may refer pain in relation to hip pathology during menstruation?

<p>Cramping may refer pain to the groin, lower abdomen, and back.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the 'C sign' indicate in terms of hip pain?

<p>The 'C sign' indicates anterior pain of an intra-articular nature.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the three main soft tissue observations one should examine during a hip assessment?

<p>Morphology, asymmetry, and defects are the three main observations.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the resting position of the hip joint?

<p>The resting position of the hip joint is 30° flexion and 30° abduction with slight external rotation.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which two positions would you assess for identifying anteroversion or retroversion?

<p>Craig's test is used to identify anteroversion and retroversion.</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does knee position affect hip flexion range of motion?

<p>Hip flexion range of motion increases with the knee bent due to reduced tension on the hamstrings.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What should not move during the assessment of hip AROM and PROM?

<p>The pelvis should not move during the assessment.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a common presentation of hip pain during childhood in relation to femoral positioning?

<p>Anteversion is commonly seen in children, characterized by increased internal rotation.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What can excessive hip ROM values often be attributed to?

<p>Excessive hip ROM values can occur when the pelvis is not stationary.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the two main types of femoral neck positions identified in relation to internal and external rotation?

<p>The two positions are anteversion (excessive internal rotation) and retroversion (excessive external rotation).</p> Signup and view all the answers

What capsular pattern is most commonly associated with hip joint restrictions?

<p>The capsular pattern most commonly associated is flexion, abduction, and internal rotation restrictions.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does a contralateral pelvic drop indicate in terms of lower extremity alignment?

<p>A contralateral pelvic drop indicates potential alignment issues affecting the knee, ankle, or foot.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of joint is the acetabulofemoral joint?

<p>Synovial/ball and socket.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What anatomical structure deepens the acetabulum?

<p>The acetabular labrum.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the angle of inclination for infants and young people?

<p>Up to 150 degrees.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What provides a greater degree of stability in the acetabulofemoral joint compared to the glenohumeral joint?

<p>The depth and surface area of the acetabulum.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What three movements are included in the degrees of freedom allowed by the acetabulofemoral joint?

<p>Flexion and extension, abduction and adduction, internal and external rotation.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the normative angle of inclination in adults?

<p>125-130 degrees.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the term 'coxa valga' refer to?

<p>An increased angle of inclination.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary role of the joint capsule in the hip joint?

<p>To support and reinforce the joint.</p> Signup and view all the answers

According to the principles of hip AROM and PROM, what should be considered before starting the assessment?

<p>Ask about pain.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a key consideration regarding knee position during testing?

<p>It affects flexion ROM, extension ROM, and rotation.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What two factors contribute to whether the end feel is classified as soft or firm?

<p>The person's ROM and the presence of soft tissue approximation.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What happens if the person cannot actively position their pelvis in a neutral position?

<p>It indicates an impairment to assessing the person's isometric strength.</p> Signup and view all the answers

When assessing for hip stability, what is the fixed point needed for effective strength testing?

<p>The lumbar spine.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are superior glides at the hip referred to as, and how do they impact joint movement?

<p>Compression; they help in stabilizing the joint.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of functional testing in the evaluation of hip function?

<p>To assess the body's ability to perform daily activities effectively.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What should be the order of assessment when palpating the hip?

<p>Palpate the unaffected side first.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are two ways to mitigate the difficulty of palpating the hip due to soft tissue?

<p>Contract tissue and stretch tissue.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the four key aspects of isometric muscle testing?

<p>Bilateral assessment, asking about pain, grading strength, and observing for compensations.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the muscles innervated by the superior gluteal nerve?

<p>Gluteus medius, gluteus minimus, and tensor fasciae latae.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which nerve innervates the gluteus maximus?

<p>Inferior gluteal nerve.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What muscles does the obturator nerve innervate?

<p>Adductor longus, adductor brevis, adductor magnus (adductor portion), gracilis, and obturator externus.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the acetabular fossa?

<p>To deepen the fossa and acetabulum.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Where is the trochanteric bursa located?

<p>In the region of the greater trochanter of the femur.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What conditions are associated with females regarding hip issues?

<p>Females are more likely to develop osteoarthritis.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Identify the two muscles with dual innervations.

<p>Adductor magnus and pectineus.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the four compartments of the thigh and their corresponding nerves?

<p>Anterior (femoral, obturator), posterior (sciatic), medial (obturator, femoral, sciatic), gluteal (superior gluteal, inferior gluteal, sciatic).</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of innervation does the acetabular labrum receive?

<p>Sensory innervation.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What bursa is located in the anterior aspect of the hip, in front of the femur?

<p>Iliopectineal/iliopsoas bursa.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What condition is linked to excessive training of the hip?

<p>Stress fractures.</p> Signup and view all the answers

List the six most common traumatic conditions of the hip.

<p>Dislocations, subluxations, fractures, labral injuries, sprains, and strains.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What characteristic differentiates the ischial bursa?

<p>It is located on the ischial tuberosity.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which hip condition is associated with pain during periods of rest?

<p>Osteoarthritis.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What abnormal alignment does a valgus deformity at the knee refer to?

<p>The lower leg is angled outward in relation to the thigh.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What effect does an increased or decreased angle of torsion have on an individual at the hip?

<p>It increases their susceptibility to certain pathologies of the hip.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the two structures that form the angle of torsion in the femur?

<p>The head of the femur and the neck of the femur.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Where does the ischiofemoral ligament primarily come from?

<p>It originates from the ischial spine.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the pubofemoral ligament?

<p>It primarily restricts abduction and hyperextension at the hip.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What happens to the ischiofemoral ligament during the transitions between flexion and extension?

<p>It winds and unwinds, influencing its restrictive capabilities.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are two hip conditions that are associated with dull, aching, or throbbing pain?

<p>Tendon problems and stress fractures.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the normative angle of torsion for the femoral neck considered?

<p>8-15 degrees forward from the line between the femoral condyles.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of pathology is deep hip pain mostly associated with?

<p>Intraarticular pathology.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What two conditions can arise from variations in the angle of inclination?

<p>Coxa valga and coxa vara.</p> Signup and view all the answers

During pregnancy, what condition is hip pain related to?

<p>Ligamentous laxity caused by hormonal components.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which three areas of the hip does cramping from pregnancy refer pain into?

<p>The groin, lower abdomen, and back.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the ligament of the head of the femur?

<p>It provides stability to the hip and serves as a conduit for blood supply.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the three key observations when assessing soft tissue in the hip?

<p>Morphology, asymmetry, and defects.</p> Signup and view all the answers

In a normative sense, how is the femoral neck oriented in relation to the femoral condyles?

<p>The femoral neck is oriented anteriorly compared to the femoral condyles.</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does excessive anteversion affect hip mechanics?

<p>It can lead to increased internal rotation and potential instability.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does a 'C sign' indicate in relation to hip pain?

<p>It signals anterior pain of an intra-articular nature.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What role does the transverse acetabular ligament play in joint stability?

<p>It connects the two parts of the labrum, filling the gap at the bottom.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the resting position of the hip?

<p>30° flexion, 30° abduction, and slight external rotation.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which special test is used to identify anteroversion or retroversion?

<p>Craig's test.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What condition might result from a hip dislocation in terms of blood supply?

<p>Avascular necrosis can develop due to compromised blood supply to the head of the femur.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the capsular pattern of the hip, sorted by most restrictive first?

<p>Flexion, abduction, and internal rotation.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What position are the femoral condyles in relation to the femoral head and neck in the presence of retroversion?

<p>They are aligned with one another, exhibiting no angle.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Who is more likely to exhibit anterversion, boys or girls?

<p>Girls.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What happens to the hip’s range of motion (ROM) when the knee is bent during flexion?

<p>More range of motion is achieved.</p> Signup and view all the answers

How should the pelvis be positioned when performing hip AROM and PROM?

<p>It should be stationary.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What two factors impact excessive hip ROM values reported during assessments?

<p>Pelvic movement and lack of stationary positioning.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the expected hip AROM values for extension with the knee straight?

<p>20 degrees.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the two main reasons for the hip joint's stability provided by the joint capsule?

<p>The substantial ligamentous support around it and the design of the deeper socket.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which artery is known as the main blood supply to the lower limb?

<p>The external iliac artery.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the order of blood flow through the hip arteries?

<p>Internal/external iliac, femoral, obturator, deep artery of the thigh, circumflex, gluteal, artery of the ligament to the head of the femur.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What nerve is considered the most clinically relevant in the thigh and why?

<p>The lateral cutaneous nerve of the thigh, due to its superficial course and vulnerability.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which muscles does the femoral nerve primarily innervate?

<p>Iliacus, pectineus, sartorius, and the quadriceps femoris group.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the circumflex arteries in the hip?

<p>They supply blood to the head and neck of the femur, posterior and lateral thigh.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What two branches make up the gluteal arteries?

<p>Superior and inferior gluteal arteries.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What happens to the abdominal aorta at the level of L4?

<p>It bifurcates into the common iliac arteries.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which nerves are primarily responsible for innervating the muscles acting on the hip?

<p>Femoral, sciatic, superior and inferior gluteal, obturator, and lateral cutaneous nerve of the thigh.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why are the circumflex arteries particularly important?

<p>They are vital for the blood supply to the head and neck of the femur.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary role of the deep artery of the thigh?

<p>It serves as the main blood supply to the posterior thigh and cruciate ligaments.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which condition results from irritation of the lateral femoral cutaneous nerve?

<p>Meralgia paresthetica.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does 'profunda' mean in Latin?

<p>'Deep'.</p> Signup and view all the answers

List the four structures that the internal/external iliac arteries supply blood to.

<p>Pelvis, gluteal area, medial thigh, and perineum.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What support structures are associated with the hip joint?

<p>The joint capsule and a host of ligaments provide support and reinforcement to the hip joint.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Describe the significance of the acetabular labrum in the hip joint.

<p>The acetabular labrum deepens the acetabulum, increasing the stability of the hip joint by providing a larger surface area.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the three degrees of freedom permitted by the acetabulofemoral joint?

<p>The acetabulofemoral joint allows flexion and extension, abduction and adduction, and internal and external rotation.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is coxa valga and how does it relate to the angle of inclination?

<p>Coxa valga refers to an increased angle of inclination of the femoral neck, typically greater than 130 degrees.</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does the depth of the acetabulum affect stability and mobility in the hip joint?

<p>The deeper acetabulum provides greater stability by better enclosing the femoral head, which restricts mobility.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the seven cardinal planes of movement allowed at the acetabulofemoral joint?

<p>The seven cardinal planes are flexion, extension, abduction, adduction, internal rotation, external rotation, and some circumduction.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary contrasting feature between the acetabulofemoral joint and the glenohumeral joint?

<p>The acetabulofemoral joint's acetabulum is deeper than the glenoid cavity of the shoulder, affecting joint stability.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the term 'acetabulum' mean in Latin, and how does it relate to its anatomical function?

<p>Acetabulum means 'vinegar cup' in Latin, indicating its cup-like structure that holds the femoral head.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which nerve innervates the gluteus maximus muscle?

<p>Inferior gluteal nerve</p> Signup and view all the answers

What muscle does the common peroneal nerve innervate?

<p>Short head of the biceps femoris</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which muscles does the obturator nerve innervate?

<p>Adductor longus, adductor brevis, adductor magnus (adductor portion), gracilis, obturator externus</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which bursa is located on the ischial tuberosity?

<p>Ischial bursa</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the four compartments of the thigh?

<p>Anterior, posterior, medial, gluteal</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the composition of the acetabular fossa?

<p>Fibrocartilaginous</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the acetabular fossa?

<p>Deepens the fossa and acetabulum</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which nerve innervates the muscle pectineus?

<p>Femoral nerve</p> Signup and view all the answers

Name one condition that is associated with males more than females.

<p>Osteitis pubis</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the location of the iliopectineal bursa?

<p>Anterior aspect of the hip in front of the femur</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the two muscles that have dual innervations?

<p>Adductor magnus and pectineus</p> Signup and view all the answers

What hip condition is commonly associated with pain during periods of rest?

<p>Osteoarthritis</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which nerve is responsible for sensation in the lateral aspect of the thigh?

<p>Lateral cutaneous nerve of the thigh</p> Signup and view all the answers

List the two reasons why the joint capsule provides stability to the hip joint.

<p>Substantial ligamentous support and the design of the deeper socket.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main artery that supplies blood to the lower limb?

<p>The external iliac artery.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What nerve is considered the most clinically relevant in the thigh, and why?

<p>The lateral cutaneous nerve of the thigh, due to its superficial course and vulnerability.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What artery is known as the profunda femoris?

<p>The deep artery of the thigh.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which muscles are innervated by the femoral nerve?

<p>Iliacus, pectineus, sartorius, and quadriceps femoris group.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the order of veins flowing from the leg to the hip?

<p>Great saphenous, internal/external iliac, femoral, deep vein of the thigh.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the two branches of gluteal arteries?

<p>Superior and inferior gluteal arteries.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does 'profunda' mean in Latin?

<p>'Deep'.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Name the two main actions performed by the gluteus medius.

<p>Hip abduction and internal rotation.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of circumflex arteries at the hip?

<p>They supply blood to the head and neck of the femur, as well as the posterior and lateral thigh.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the primary structures supplied by the internal/external iliac arteries?

<p>Pelvis, gluteal area, medial thigh, and perineum.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which condition arises from the compression or irritation of the lateral femoral cutaneous nerve?

<p>Meralgia paresthetica.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which arteries are significant for blood supply to the head and neck of the femur?

<p>The circumflex arteries.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a primary consideration when assessing knee position during hip testing?

<p>Knee position significantly influences flexion, extension, and rotation range of motion.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What should be the first step in assessing hip range of motion (ROM)?

<p>Always assess the unaffected side first to establish a baseline.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What two factors determine whether an end feel is classified as soft or firm?

<p>The person's range of motion and any obstruction that could cause soft tissue approximation.</p> Signup and view all the answers

In what position should hip isometric muscle strength testing typically be performed?

<p>Hip ISOM testing is most often conducted while the individual is lying down.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the two main types of glides at the hip, and how are they defined?

<p>Superior glides are known as compression, while inferior glides are referred to as distraction.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What should be evaluated prior to watching for or correcting compensation strategies during strength assessment?

<p>Assess if the individual can actively position their pelvis neutral and control pelvic movement.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What could happen if a person cannot maintain a fixed point during hip strength testing?

<p>They won't be able to exert strength or power in the muscles being tested.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why can palpation of the hip be particularly challenging?

<p>The abundance of soft tissue in the area makes it difficult to isolate specific structures.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the key accessory motions involved in hip assessment?

<p>Superior glides, inferior glides, anterior-posterior glides, posterior-anterior glides, and lateral glides.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the recommended step to take when time constraints prevent a thorough assessment of the unaffected side?

<p>In such cases, testing the affected side first may be necessary.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What two hip conditions are commonly associated with dull, aching, or throbbing pain?

<p>Tendon problems and stress fractures.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of pathology is deep hip pain typically associated with?

<p>Intra-articular pathology.</p> Signup and view all the answers

During which time of day can hip pain often be aggravated?

<p>First thing in the morning.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What condition is hip pain during pregnancy most commonly associated with?

<p>Ligamentous laxity.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What three areas can cramping during pregnancy refer pain into?

<p>The groin, lower abdomen, and back.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the three aspects to look for in soft tissue observation around the hip?

<p>Morphology, asymmetry, and defects.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What typically happens to hip range of motion with the knee bent compared to straight?

<p>More ROM is available with the knee bent.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the resting position of the hip in degrees?

<p>30 degrees of flexion, 30 degrees of abduction, and slight external rotation.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What special test is used to identify anteversion and retroversion of the hip?

<p>Craig's test.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a common indicator of adhesive capsulitis during assessment?

<p>Restriction in the capsular pattern of hip motion.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What angle defines anteversion in the femoral neck?

<p>Greater than 15 degrees.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What happens to the external rotation range of motion if the hip is assessed in a seated position versus supine?

<p>There should be similar ROM in both positions, approximately 40-60 degrees.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which hip condition is often linked with toeing-in and subtalar pronation?

<p>Femoral anteversion.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why might people exhibit excessive hip ROM values during assessment?

<p>Because the pelvis may not be stationary during the motion test.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the relationship between the femoral neck and the femoral condyles that is explored in the angle of torsion?

<p>The relationship examines the orientation of the femoral neck relative to the femoral condyles.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does anteversion refer to in terms of the femoral neck orientation?

<p>Anteversion refers to a normative angle of torsion where the femoral neck is oriented forward at an angle of 8-15 degrees.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What two primary structures form the angle of inclination in the hip?

<p>The shaft of the femur and the neck of the femur.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What happens to the angle of torsion when a retroversion condition is present?

<p>In retroversion, the angle of torsion is less than 8 degrees, aligning the femur and condyles with no angle present.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which ligament is primarily responsible for limiting hyperextension in the hip?

<p>The iliofemoral ligament.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the ligament of the head of the femur?

<p>It provides stability to the hip and serves as a conduit for blood supply to the head of the femur.</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does the angle of inclination in adults develop?

<p>It is formed structurally and is not a result of changes in angle over time.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the ischiofemoral ligament limit primarily during hip motion?

<p>It limits extension and extreme flexion.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What condition can result from a hip dislocation affecting the blood supply to the femur?

<p>Avascular necrosis.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What anatomical position does the transverse acetabular ligament connect?

<p>It connects the two parts of the labrum at the bottom where there is a gap.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What structural change is associated with developmental periods regarding the angle of the femoral neck?

<p>The angle of the femoral neck is established, reflecting the hip's development phase.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What movement is primarily restricted by the pubofemoral ligament?

<p>It primarily restricts abduction.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why is the inguinal ligament relevant to the hip?

<p>It is related to the area of the hip and restrains the musculature and neurovascular structures running beneath it.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What happens to the ischiofemoral ligament during flexion and extension phases in the hip?

<p>It undergoes a winding and unwinding mechanism.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What outcomes may arise from variations in the angle of inclination beyond normative values?

<p>These variations can increase susceptibility to hip pathologies.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Hip Joint Anatomy and Assessment

  • Alternative Names: Acetabulofemoral or femoroacetabular joint.
  • Joint Type: Synovial, ball-and-socket joint.
  • Forming Structures:
    • Acetabulum of the os coxa
    • Head of the femur
  • Upper Quadrant Counterpart: Shoulder joint.
  • Similarities to Glenohumeral Joint: Permits three degrees of freedom (flexion/extension, abduction/adduction, internal/external rotation).
  • Planes of Movement: Allows movement along seven cardinal planes: flexion, extension, adduction, abduction, internal rotation, external rotation, and some circumduction.
  • Stability vs. Mobility: The acetabulofemoral joint offers more stability than the glenohumeral joint due to a deeper acetabulum and acetabular labrum. It has less mobility due to this increased depth.
  • Acetabulum Deepening: Acetabular labrum.
  • Latin Meaning of Acetabulum: Vinegar cup.
  • Supporting Structures: Joint capsule and ligaments.
  • Femoral Head Characteristics:
    • Shape: Round.
    • Covering: Hyaline/articular cartilage.
    • Articulation: Acetabulum.
  • Distal Femoral Landmarks: Attachment points for hip muscles.
  • Angle of Inclination:
    • Young/Infant: Up to 150 degrees.
    • Adult Normative Range: 125-130 degrees.
    • Coxa Valga: Increased angle (pathological increase).
    • Coxa Vara: Decreased angle (pathological decrease).
    • Establishment: Reached during adulthood.
  • Angle of Inclination Factors: Formed structurally during development. Can change during periods of growth.
  • Angle of Torsion/Version: Orientation of femoral neck relative to femoral condyles.
  • Angle Axis: Passes through the head and neck of the femur.
  • Hyaline/Articular Cartilage Coverage: End of bones within synovial joints.
  • Hyaline Origin: Greek word hyalos, meaning "glass".
  • Femur Positioning View: Superior view.
  • Femoral Head/Neck Position Relative to Condyles: Superior.
  • Femoral Condyles Position Relative to Head/Neck: Inferior.
  • Angle of Torsion Exploration: Relationship between femoral neck and femoral condyles.
  • Normative Femoral Neck Orientation: Anterior.
  • Normative Angle of Torsion: Anteversion.
  • Types of Torsion Angles:
    • Normal: 8-15 degrees forward from the line connecting the femoral condyles.
    • Anteversion: Excessive Anteversion (greater than 15 degrees).
    • Retroversion: Less than 8 degrees.
  • Ligaments of the Hip:
    • Iliofemoral: Reinforces joint capsule, limits hyperextension, and allows standing with minimal muscular effort.
    • Ischiofemoral: Primarily off the ischial spine, runs laterally and anteriorly, limits extension and flexion.
    • Pubofemoral: Limits abduction and hyperextension.
    • Ligament of the Head of the Femur: (formerly Ligamentum Teres) Connects acetabulum and head of femur through the fovea capitis; provides stability, blood vessel conduit.
    • Transverse Acetabular Ligament: Connects sides of the acetabular labrum.
    • Inguinal Ligament: Restrains musculature and neurovascular structures.
  • Hip Joint Capsule: Strong, surrounds the hip joint, providing stability.
  • Muscles Acting on the Hip: A table listing muscles and their actions during flexion, extension, abduction, adduction, internal and external rotation is available in the text.
  • Vascular Supply: Seven arteries, order of flow: Iliac, Femoral, Obturator, Deep artery of the thigh, Circumflex, Gluteal, Artery of the ligament to the head of the femur.
    -Four veins: Great saphenous, internal/external iliac, femoral, deep vein of the thigh.
  • Nervous Supply: Lumbosacral plexus provides innervation to hip muscles, with specific nerves listed for specific muscles.
  • Lateral Cutaneous Nerve: Clinically significant nerve due to its superficial course. Compression leads to Meralgia paresthetica.
  • Hip Bursae: Trochanteric, Iliopectineal/iliopsoas, Ischial, Gluteal femoral, Obturator are the bursae most pertinent from a clinical point of view.
  • Acetabular Labrum/Fossa: Fibrocartilaginous, incomplete ring, deepens the acetabulum 25-30%, primarily avascular. Provides sensory innervation.
  • Hip Conditions: Common conditions include those specific to youth (apophysitis, avulsion fractures, congenital hip defects) and those more likely in older individuals (osteoarthritis, osteitis pubis).
  • Hip Assessment: Crucial elements of hip assessment include history taking (age, sex, mechanism of injury, pain location, etc.), observation (weight bearing, center of gravity, bony and soft tissue contours), mobility testing (ROM and accessory motions), and muscle strength testing (ISOMs).

Hip Assessment (cont)

  • Hip Conditions: Important to assess history to rule in or rule out common hip conditions – a specific list of potential common mechanical, traumatic, chronic and insidious conditions and associated symptoms is available in the text.
  • Hip Observation: Physical examination including weight-bearing status, bony and soft tissue asymmetries, swelling, heat, altered function, leg length discrepancy, and pelvic levels.
  • Hip Mobility:
    • Resting Position: 30 degrees flexion, 30 degrees abduction, slight external rotation.
    • Close-Packed Position: End-range extension, internal rotation, abduction.
    • Capsular Pattern: Inconsistent in literature; most restricted often flexion/ abduction, internal/external rotation.
  • Hip AROM/PROM: Key is pelvis must be stationary. Observe pain, ROM in degrees, quality, unaffected side first, monitor lumbar and pelvic positions.
  • Hip Accessory Motions: Superior (compression) and inferior glides (distraction), anterior-posterior and posterior-anterior (rotational) glides, lateral glides.
  • Hip ISOM Testing: Bilateral, unaffected side first, pain assessment, grading of strength (remember to assess for compensation).
  • Hip Special Tests: Functional tests (lunge, squat, hop), joint play, intra-articular tests (more examples and pictures are available, if necessary) used for diagnosing specific hip issues .
  • Hip Palpation: Systematic, bilateral (start with unaffected side), describe tissue characteristics, note and document pain locations and characteristics.

Hip Vasculature, Nerves, and Ligaments Summary

  • Vascular Anatomy: A list of 7 arteries and 4 veins involved in hip blood supply are in the text.
  • Neural Anatomy: The main nerves supplying the hip, including their specific muscle innervation, are listed in the text.
  • Ligament Summary: A list of major hip ligaments is available. Focus on their location and function.

Studying That Suits You

Use AI to generate personalized quizzes and flashcards to suit your learning preferences.

Quiz Team

Description

This quiz covers the anatomy and assessment of the hip joint, also known as the acetabulofemoral joint. You will learn about its structure, movement capabilities, and the differences in stability and mobility compared to other joints. Ideal for students studying anatomy and physiology.

More Like This

Hip Joint Anatomy and Causes of Hip Pain
32 questions

Hip Joint Anatomy and Causes of Hip Pain

RichVenus avatar
RichVenus
Hip Joint Anatomy Quiz
7 questions

Hip Joint Anatomy Quiz

SustainableAntigorite1088 avatar
SustainableAntigorite1088
Human Anatomy: Hip vs Glenohumeral Joint
39 questions

Human Anatomy: Hip vs Glenohumeral Joint

SoulfulHilbert avatar
SoulfulHilbert
Hip Joint Anatomy and Function Quiz
84 questions

Hip Joint Anatomy and Function Quiz

WellManneredGorgon avatar
WellManneredGorgon
Use Quizgecko on...
Browser
Open
Browser
Browser