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Questions and Answers
What is the primary characteristic of Irritable Bowel Syndrome (IBS)?
What is the primary characteristic of Irritable Bowel Syndrome (IBS)?
Which herbal treatment is commonly used for mild cases of kinetosis?
Which herbal treatment is commonly used for mild cases of kinetosis?
What is a common management strategy for flatulence?
What is a common management strategy for flatulence?
What are typical symptoms associated with dyspepsia?
What are typical symptoms associated with dyspepsia?
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Which of the following actions can help in the prevention of hemorrhoids?
Which of the following actions can help in the prevention of hemorrhoids?
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How does ginger help in managing nausea associated with gastrointestinal disorders?
How does ginger help in managing nausea associated with gastrointestinal disorders?
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What dietary change may alleviate symptoms of dyspepsia?
What dietary change may alleviate symptoms of dyspepsia?
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Which condition can result from prolonged electrolyte imbalance during digestive health?
Which condition can result from prolonged electrolyte imbalance during digestive health?
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Which herbal treatment is considered the drug of choice for IBS-D due to its relaxing effect on intestinal muscle?
Which herbal treatment is considered the drug of choice for IBS-D due to its relaxing effect on intestinal muscle?
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What characterizes irritable bowel syndrome (IBS)?
What characterizes irritable bowel syndrome (IBS)?
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What is a common symptom associated with flatulence?
What is a common symptom associated with flatulence?
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Which of the following herbal treatments is NOT specifically mentioned for managing diarrhea?
Which of the following herbal treatments is NOT specifically mentioned for managing diarrhea?
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What type of herbs are used to promote gastric juice secretion and facilitate digestion in dyspepsia?
What type of herbs are used to promote gastric juice secretion and facilitate digestion in dyspepsia?
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What is a prominent feature of IBS with predominant constipation (IBS-C)?
What is a prominent feature of IBS with predominant constipation (IBS-C)?
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Which of the following is NOT a plausible cause of functional dyspepsia?
Which of the following is NOT a plausible cause of functional dyspepsia?
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Which carminative herb might be used to alleviate symptoms of flatulence?
Which carminative herb might be used to alleviate symptoms of flatulence?
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Which symptoms are commonly associated with diarrhea?
Which symptoms are commonly associated with diarrhea?
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What essential component in guava supports electrolyte balance for digestive health?
What essential component in guava supports electrolyte balance for digestive health?
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What is the role of adaptogenic plants like Ashwagandha in digestive health?
What is the role of adaptogenic plants like Ashwagandha in digestive health?
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In herbal treatment of diarrhea, why are tannin-containing herbs recommended?
In herbal treatment of diarrhea, why are tannin-containing herbs recommended?
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Which of the following describes dyspepsia?
Which of the following describes dyspepsia?
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Which of the following is NOT a potential cause of diarrhea?
Which of the following is NOT a potential cause of diarrhea?
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Which of these components is NOT typically associated with the treatment of IBS-D?
Which of these components is NOT typically associated with the treatment of IBS-D?
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What symptom can accompany diarreah and should prevent the use of herbal therapy?
What symptom can accompany diarreah and should prevent the use of herbal therapy?
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Study Notes
Herbal and Alternative Medicine [PPC404]
- The course is titled Herbal and Alternative Medicine [PPC404]
- Dr. Marwa Saeed Galaa Goda, PhD, is the lecturer of Pharmacognosy at the Faculty of Pharmacy, GU.
- The course syllabus covers the period from 28/9/2024 to 4/1/2025, with weekly and daily lecture schedule provided.
Syllabus Details
- Week 1: Advising and registration, Introduction to Complementary medicine (CAM) versus Conventional medicine, domains of CAM, & CAM Regulations.
- Week 2-8: Phytomedicine for various disorder types (GIT, respiratory, cardiovascular, endocrine, metabolic, musculoskeletal, urinary tract, and reproductive system).
- Midterm Exam: Midterm exam schedule is indicated in the syllabus.
- Week 9-15: Specific topics and discussions on various diseases, student presentations and schedules.
- Final Exam: The final exam schedule is indicated in the syllabus.
Learning Outcomes (LOs)
- Knowledge (K): Define CAM practices, state beliefs and techniques, demonstrate regulations, outline herbal approaches, describe active constituents, mechanisms of action, contraindications, and side effects of herbal drugs
- Skills (S): Categorize herbal drugs, rationalize herbal prescriptions with patient information about side effects
- Competencies (C): Develop team-working ability, demonstrate time-management, and presentation skills, use computer technology to access relevant information.
Oral Cavity Disorders
- Stomatitis (oral mucositis): Inflammation of mouth and lip tissue, includes cold sores (fever blisters) and canker sores.
- Gingivitis: Inflammation of gum tissue, symptoms include red, swollen, bleeding gums; risk factors include poor oral care habits, smoking, diabetes, aging, vitamin C deficiency, dry mouth, hormonal changes (pregnancy).
- Glossitis: Swelling or inflammation of tongue, caused by dry mouth, allergic reactions, or infections.
- Oral cavity disorders—Other stomatic plants used as mouth wash or gargle: Myrrh (Oleo gum resin(17% volatile oil, 40% resin, and 61% gum), Volatile oil contains terpenes (sesquiterpenes), eugenol, used in treatment of mouth infections and sore throat due to its antiseptic and astringent properties), Propolis (resinous material collected by honey bees; anti-inflammatory, antifungal, antiviral, antibacterial, and tissue regenerative properties).
- Stomatic plants: Herbs useful against diseases in the oral cavity include Anise fruit, German chamomile flower, Clove flower buds, Mentha herb, Thyme herb, Sage herb, Eucalyptus leaves, Calendula/ Marigold flower (V.O. + mucilage), Rose petals (tannins+V.O.), Witch hazel bark, Oak bark, Linseed seed, Aloe gel of leaves, Marshmallow (Althea officinalis) root, etc., with specific properties mentioned
Stomach & Intestinal Disorders
- Gastritis & peptic ulcer: Inflammation of stomach lining due to alcohol, spices, tobacco, bacteria (e.g. Helicobacter pylori). Peptic ulcer is mucosal damage (greater than 0.5 cm) in the stomach and/or duodenum, usually acidic, and painful.
- Constipation: Bowel dysfunction with infrequent or hard-to-pass bowel movements, straining, and abdominal cramping with hard and dry stool.
- Intestinal worms: Dried unexpanded flower heads of Artemisia cina (Santonica flower), containing santonin, used against roundworms (Ascaris).
- Kinetosis (motion sickness): Symptoms include fatigue, nausea, dizziness, excessive salivation, and vomiting during travel; possible causes are discordance between perceived and actual motion.
- Hemorrhoids: Swollen veins in the anus and rectum, causes include straining during bowel movements, sitting for extended periods, chronic diarrhea, constipation, lifting heavy objects, pregnancy, and low-fiber diets.
- Diarrhea: Increased frequency (more than 3 times daily), increased fluidity (liquid or semi-liquid stool), increased volume, or a combination of these, lasting for 3-4 days (acute) or more than 4 weeks (chronic); common causes include infections (bacteria, viruses, enterovirus), food, drugs, and chronic conditions (IBS, ulcerative colitis).
- IBS (irritable bowel syndrome): Chronic functional GI disorder characterized by episodic abdominal pain, bloating, flatulence, nausea, anorexia, anxiety, and altered bowel habits (diarrhea or constipation)
- Flatulence: Presence of excessive gases in stomach or intestines, has symptoms like bloating, abdominal discomfort or pain, belching, and caused by ingested foods with sugars, starches, and fibers
- Dyspepsia: Indigestion or upset stomach not associated with gastroesophageal reflux or irritable bowel syndrome, with symptoms like nausea, epigastric pressure, bloating, flatulence, cramping. Possible causes are deficiency in gastric secretion, motility disorders, deficient bile production, diet, alcohol, tobacco, aspirin, helicobacter pylori infection, etc.
Liver Disorders
- Alcoholic liver disease: Excessive drinking causes acute alcoholic hepatitis; factors associated with liver cancer.
- Hepatocellular carcinoma: accounts for majority of liver cancers.
- Autoimmune hepatitis: Liver inflammation due to mistaken immune response attacking healthy liver cells, factors driving the immune system to attack normal liver cells
- Viral infection (hepatitis A, B, C): Inflammation of liver caused by viruses, associated with symptoms like fatigue, dark urine, loss of appetite, nausea and vomiting.
- Cirrhosis: Deterioration and poor liver function due to chronic liver disease, caused by alcohol, Bilharzia or viral infections.
- Jaundice: Yellow discoloration of skin and eyes due to increased bilirubin levels in blood caused by liver damage, bile duct obstruction, or hemolytic anaemia.
- Essential aspects of treatment of liver disease: Diaphoretics (e.g., Yarrow, tilia, elderflower, peppermint) promote sweating and are used in acute infections, along with antiviral agents(e.g., St. John's wort) for acute/chronic viral hepatitis and immuno-enhancing herbs for acute and chronic viral infection and liver cirrhosis to minimize liver damage. Also, using cholagogues & choleretics (e.g., turmeric, artichoke, dandelion) to increase bile secretion for gallbladder issues.
- Herbal Treatment for Liver disorders: Echinacea (immuno-stimulant & antiviral), Turmeric (anti-inflammatory, antiviral, antioxidant, cholagogue), Milk thistle (antioxidant, regenerating, anti-inflammatory, anti-fibrotic), Dandelion (bile-stimulating bitterness, rich in potassium) methods for use of these extracts and remedies discussed
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Description
This quiz evaluates your understanding of the Herbal and Alternative Medicine course (PPC404) taught by Dr. Marwa Saeed Galaa Goda. Covering a range of topics from Complementary and Alternative Medicine to phytomedicine for various disorders, this quiz will assess your knowledge learned throughout the syllabus from 28/9/2024 to 4/1/2025.
