Heart and Circulatory System Flashcards

Questions and Answers

What does the cardiovascular system consist of?

Heart, arteries, veins, and capillaries (correct)

Heart and blood only

Arteries and veins only

Heart and lungs

How many chambers does the heart have?

Four

What are the receiving chambers of the heart?

Left and right atrium

What are the discharging chambers of the heart?

Left and right ventricle Signup and view all the answers

What is the outermost layer of the heart wall called?

Epicardium (visceral pericardium) Signup and view all the answers

What is the largest artery in the body?

Aorta Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of the aortic semilunar valve?

Prevents blood from flowing back into the left ventricle Signup and view all the answers

What do arteries do?

Carry blood away from the heart Signup and view all the answers

What are arterioles?

Small arteries that deliver blood to the capillaries Signup and view all the answers

What does the left atrium do?

Receives oxygenated blood from the pulmonary veins Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the chordae tendineae?

Connect the flaps of the valves to papillary muscles Signup and view all the answers

What are coronary arteries responsible for?

Supplying the heart wall with oxygenated blood Signup and view all the answers

What does the term coronary circulation refer to?

Blood supply to the myocardium of the heart Signup and view all the answers

What drains the blood from most vessels that supply the heart?

Coronary sinus Signup and view all the answers

What is diastole?

Phase of relaxation of the heart Signup and view all the answers

What brings blood from the lower parts of the body to the heart?

Inferior (posterior) vena cava Signup and view all the answers

What is systole?

Phase of heart contraction Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the tricuspid valve?

Prevents backflow between the right atrium and right ventricle Signup and view all the answers

What are veins responsible for?

Carrying blood to the heart Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Cardiovascular System Overview

Comprises the heart, arteries, veins, and capillaries, facilitating transport for oxygen, nutrients, hormones, and waste.
Functions in transporting substances to and from the body's cells.

Heart Anatomy

Four Chambers: Includes two atria (left and right) and two ventricles (left and right).
Receiving Chambers: Atria receive blood; right atrium receives deoxygenated blood from the body, while left atrium receives oxygenated blood from the lungs.
Discharging Chambers: Ventricles pump blood away; right ventricle sends deoxygenated blood to the lungs, left ventricle pumps oxygenated blood to the body.

Heart Structure

Epicardium: Outermost layer of the heart, consisting of serous tissue and mesothelium.
Myocardium: Thick, muscular middle layer responsible for heart contractions.
Endocardium: Innermost layer, a thin layer of endothelium lining heart chambers and covering valves.
Fibrous Pericardium: Tough outer layer of the pericardial sac protecting the heart.
Serous Pericardium: Thin, delicate inner layer of the pericardial sac.

Blood Flow Mechanics

Aorta: The largest artery, originating from the left ventricle and arching down the spine.
Valves:
- Aortic Semilunar Valve: Located at the exit of the left ventricle where the aorta begins.
- Pulmonary Semilunar Valve: Found at the exit of the right ventricle into the pulmonary trunk.
- Tricuspid Valve: Between the right atrium and right ventricle.
- Bicuspid (Mitral) Valve: Between the left atrium and left ventricle, featuring two cusps.

Blood Vessels

Arteries: Carry oxygenated blood away from the heart, branching into smaller arterioles to reach capillaries.
Veins: Transport deoxygenated blood back to the heart; includes superior and inferior vena cavae.
Pulmonary Arteries: Transport deoxygenated blood from the heart to the lungs.
Pulmonary Veins: Bring oxygenated blood from the lungs to the left atrium.

Cardiac Features

Chordae Tendineae: Heart strings connecting valve cusps to papillary muscles, preventing valve inversion during contraction.
Papillary Muscles: Small muscle projections anchoring chordae tendineae.

Cardiac Cycle

Systole: Phase of contraction in the heart.
Diastole: Phase of relaxation of the heart.

Coronary Circulation

Coronary Arteries: Supply oxygenated blood to the heart muscle (myocardium).
Coronary Sinus: Drains blood from the heart's walls, returning it to the right atrium.

Additional Structures

Auricle: External appendage that increases atrial volume.
Coronary Sulcus: Groove separating atria from ventricles on the heart's surface.

Aorta Sections

Ascending Aorta: Directly exits the left ventricle.
Thoracic Aorta: Portion running through the thorax.
Abdominal Aorta: Continuation of the thoracic aorta after passing through the diaphragm.

Atrial and Ventricular Relations

Left Atrium: Receives oxygenated blood from the lungs via pulmonary veins.
Right Atrium: Collects deoxygenated blood from the body through the superior and inferior vena cavae.
Left Ventricle: Pumps oxygenated blood to the body through the aorta.
Right Ventricle: Sends deoxygenated blood to the lungs for oxygenation.

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Description

Test your knowledge on the heart and circulatory system with these flashcards. Dive into the structures, functions, and details of the cardiovascular system. Perfect for biology students and health enthusiasts alike!