Heart

Valentine position = Heart placed on its apex to describe components Left anterior oblique orientation = Examines muscular orientation in relation to partners Posteroseptal orientation = Describes muscle position as anterior and inferior Standard anatomical position = Heart's position in the body for conventional description

Tricuspid valve = Prevents backflow into the right atrium Left atrium = Receives oxygenated blood from pulmonary veins Right ventricle = Pumps deoxygenated blood to pulmonary trunk Left ventricle = Pumps blood into the aorta

Echocardiography = Uses ultrasound to visualize heart structures X-ray = Offers a view of heart size and position CT scan = Provides detailed cross-sectional images of the heart MRI = Uses magnetic fields for high-resolution images of heart anatomy

<p>Right atrium = Receives venous return from systemic circulation Left atrium = Receives blood from pulmonary veins Right ventricle = Sends blood to the lungs Left ventricle = Supplies systemic circulation through aorta</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Atrial contraction = Weakly contractile reservoir for ventricles Ventricular contraction = Responsible for pumping blood out of heart Valvular function = Prevents backflow during contraction cycles Coronary circulation = Supplies blood to heart muscle itself</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Supine position = Lying on one's back Prone position = Lying on one's stomach Valentine position = Heart positioned on its apex Trendelenburg position = Lying with the legs elevated</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Inferior interventricular sulcus = Positioned superiorly on the heart's surface Posterior interventricular sulcus = Located inferiorly in life Anterior interventricular sulcus = Front division of the heart's chambers Lateral interventricular sulcus = Side division separating heart chambers</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Cross-sectional imaging = Analyzing the structure of heart arteries MRI = Detailed imaging of heart tissue abnormalities CT scan = Visualizing coronary arteries for blockages Echocardiogram = Assessing heart pump function and blood flow</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Elevated troponin levels = Heart muscle injury Bradycardia = Abnormally slow heart rate Hypertension = High blood pressure affecting heart function Arrhythmia = Irregular heartbeats leading to complications</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Atria = Receive blood returning to the heart Ventricles = Pump blood out of the heart Valves = Prevent backflow of blood Septum = Divides left and right sides of the heart</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Cervical nodes = Drain head and neck area Axillary nodes = Drain upper limb region Inguinal nodes = Drain lower limb region Mediastinal nodes = Drain central thoracic cavity structures</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Relative to the spine = Describing tissue position in relation to the backbone Relative to the lungs = Positioned in the thoracic cavity adjacent to lungs Relative to the diaphragm = Located just above the muscle separating thorax and abdomen Relative to bodily coordinates = Positioning based on a standardized anatomical reference</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Pentalogy of Cantrell = A type of congenital heart defect involving multiple abnormalities Pericardial cysts = A congenital anomaly where a portion of pericardium is pinched off during early development Cardiac tamponade = A condition in which fluid accumulation in the pericardial space leads to impaired heart function Beck's triad = A clinical syndrome associated with cardiac tamponade consisting of hypotension, muffled heart sounds, and elevated jugular venous pressure</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Complete absence of the left side of the pericardium = The most common defect in congenital absence of the pericardium Absence of the right side of the pericardium = A notable, but less common, congenital anomaly Absence of the entire fibrous sac = An extreme form of pericardial absence leading to significant clinical consequences Absence of the lower part of the pericardium = May lead to varying symptoms based on the degree of absence</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Ultrasound-guided parasternal approach = Preferred technique for elective pericardiocentesis Apical approach = A method that may be used for pericardiocentesis but is less common Subxiphoid approach = Another approach for pericardiocentesis, utilized in specific clinical situations Left anterior thoracotomy = An invasive surgical procedure that is not preferred for pericardiocentesis</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Small quiet heart = Indicator of Beck's triad in cardiac tamponade Falling atrial pressure = A characteristic feature in the diagnosis of tamponade physiology Rising jugular venous pressure = A significant sign of fluid overload or pressure in cardiac conditions Muffled heart sounds = A classic finding in patients with cardiac tamponade</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Left side of the pericardium = Most commonly affected in congenital absence cases Fibrous sac of the pericardium = Structure surrounding the heart that can have congenital defects Pericardial fluid = Fluid that can accumulate in the pericardial space during tamponade Phrenic nerve = An important structure to avoid during pericardiocentesis</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Cardiac tumors = May cause symptoms similar to those of congestive heart failure Pericardial effusion = Can lead to cardiac tamponade if volume is significant Congenital anomalies = May present with a range of symptoms from mild to severe Acute myocardial infarction = Commonly presents with chest pain and shortness of breath</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Left displacement = Can be indicative of certain congenital abnormalities Right displacement = May suggest lung pathology or shift due to fluid Vertical positioning = Often associated with conditions affecting the diaphragm Decreased position = May signal obesity or a chronic pulmonary condition</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Chest pain = Common symptom of acute myocardial infarction Nausea = Often seen in cardiac events, including heart attack Sweating = Non-specific symptom that may accompany major cardiac conditions Fatigue = A chronic symptom associated with various heart diseases</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Pericardium = Protective sac surrounding the heart Atria = Heart chambers receiving blood from the veins Ventricles = Pumping chambers of the heart Coronary arteries = Supply blood to the heart muscle</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Heart murmur = May indicate valvular heart disease Palpitations = Can signal arrhythmias or other cardiac conditions Dyspnea = Commonly associated with congestive heart failure Syncope = Can be related to various cardiac disturbances or blockages</p> Signup and view all the answers