11 Questions
Which of the following factors contributes to increased stroke volume in a trained athlete's heart?
Increased preload
What is the role of sympathetic stimulation in the heart?
It increases strength of contraction
Which of the following is a factor that can increase the contractility of cardiac cells?
Increased venous return
Which chamber of the heart is responsible for pumping blood to the pulmonary circulation?
Right ventricle
What is the purpose of the interventricular septum?
To ensure one-way blood flow between the ventricles
What is the function of the pacemaker cells in the heart?
To initiate and regulate the heart's rhythm
What is the purpose of the plateau phase in cardiac contractile fibers?
To prevent summation and tetanus in the myocardium
Which layer of the heart is responsible for pumping blood through the heart?
Myocardium
Which of the following is NOT one of the chambers of the heart?
Left ventricle
What causes the heart sounds known as 'lubb' and 'dupp'?
Closing of the AV valves
What determines cardiac output?
Heart rate and stroke volume
Study Notes
Anatomy and Function of the Heart
- The heart is composed of three layers: the epicardium, myocardium, and endocardium.
- Cardiac muscle tissue forms the thick layer of myocardium and is responsible for pumping blood through the heart.
- The chambers of the heart include the right atrium, right ventricle, left atrium, and left ventricle.
- The heart valves, including the atrioventricular (AV) valves and semilunar valves, regulate blood flow based on blood pressure.
- The coronary arteries deliver oxygen-rich blood to the cardiac muscle, while cardiac veins drain deoxygenated blood back to the right atrium.
- The heart beats rhythmically due to the autorhythmicity of specialized cardiac muscle cells.
- The intrinsic conduction system includes the SA node, AV node, and Purkinje fibers, which set the pace of the heartbeat and delay the transmission of action potentials.
- Heart sounds, known as "lubb" and "dupp," are caused by the closing of the AV valves and semilunar valves, respectively.
- Abnormalities of the heart can include extrasystole, ventricular fibrillation, complete heart block, myocardial infarction, and congestive heart failure.
- Ventricular systole occurs in two phases: isovolumic contraction and ventricular ejection.
- Cardiac output is the amount of blood pumped by each ventricle in one minute, and it is determined by heart rate and stroke volume.
- Factors affecting cardiac output include autonomous innervation, hormones, cardiac reflexes, Starling's Law, and venous return.
Test your knowledge of the anatomy and function of the heart with this informative quiz. Explore the layers of the heart, the chambers and valves, the conduction system, and common abnormalities. Learn about cardiac output and the factors that influence it. Challenge yourself and expand your understanding of this vital organ.
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