Health & Wellness in the Context of Infectious Diseases

A disease transmissible from animals to human beings

Health of the animal, duration of contact, contact with higher risk materials, use of protective measures, and health status of the human

Companion animals, occupational exposure, food animals, wild animals, endemic animals or pests, and captive animals

<p>Vets, breeders, pet shop staff, kennel staff, groomers, farm laborers, animal transporters, auction encounters, slaughterhouse workers, butchers, chefs, and waste disposers</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Blood, faeces, urine, saliva, and nasal discharge</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The interconnectedness of human, animal, and environmental health</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The primary focus is to address the interconnected health of humans, animals, and the environment.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The Minister of Health stated that he was responsible for the people and not for the dogs.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The economic analysis showed that the cost of mass vaccination of dogs and human treatment (PEP) is less than human treatment alone, because vaccination of dogs can interrupt the transmission of rabies.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The 5 stages of pathogen adaptation in animals are (1) Exclusively human agent, (2) Limited outbreak to-human transmission from animals or humans, (3) Primary infection only from animals, (4) The agent only adaptation in animals, and (5) none.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>HIV has a zoonotic origin, but it is now exclusively a human pathogen.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Emerging infectious diseases refer to new agents appearing for the first time in human beings ('newly emerging') or known agents with increasing relevance, rising incidence, or geographically expanding ('re-emerging').</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Examples of newly emerging viruses include SARS-CoV-2, new influenzaviruses, Hendra and Nipah viruses, and HIV.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Examples of 'old' agents with increasing relevance through medical advances include cytomegalovirus, hepatitis C virus, and previously controlled vector-borne infections such as dengueviruses and yellow fever virus.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Examples of newly recognized (but not new) agents of emerging infectious diseases include hepatitis E virus and Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Understanding the emergence of infectious agents is crucial for effective surveillance, prevention, and control of infectious diseases.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Microbiological hazards are unique in that they pose an additional risk of spread to other employees and social contacts, while macrobiological hazards encompass all other living creatures associated with work activities.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Microbiological hazards pose an additional risk of spread to other employees and social contacts, unlike other hazards.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The absence of Occupational Exposure Limits for biological hazards indicates a challenge in establishing safe exposure limits for these hazards at the workplace.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Microbiological hazards encompass the whole spectrum of microbes including bacteria, viruses, protozoa, parasites, fungi, and algae.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Microbiological hazards pose the unique risk of spread to other employees and social contacts, beyond the impact on the individual worker.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Macrobiological hazards encompass all other living creatures associated with work activities, such as insects, reptiles, land &amp; water-based animals, harmful/toxic plants, etc.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Standard, Airborne, Contact, Droplet</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Hand washing, Gloves, Mask, eye protection, face shield, Protective clothing</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Classifying HBAs (1-4) and linking appropriate containment measures with different HBA groupings</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Veterinary practice, Nature conservation, Fisheries, Animal control, Game farming, Beekeeping</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Input air and extract air need to be filtered via High Efficiency Particulate Air (HEPA) filters</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Occupational asthma caused by fish proteins, Allergic contact dermatitis to tomatoes, Legionella in cooling equipment, Travel-related illness (e.g., COVID, Malaria)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Synthesis of Universal Precautions (UP) and Body Substances Isolation (BSI) and applies to all persons coming into contact with potentially infected persons, animals, or animal products and potentially contaminated blood and other fluids in the workplace</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Viral hemorrhagic fever (e.g., Measles - airborne precautions - duration of illness, HI virus - standard precautions)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Health care (human and animal), postmortem units, clinical, veterinary and diagnostic laboratories, sewage treatment plants</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Anopheles mosquito and malaria parasite, Rabid dog and rabies virus, Birds (droppings) and histoplasmosis</p> Signup and view all the answers