Glycolysis Pathway

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What is the primary source of energy for brain cells?

Amino acids

Pyruvate

Glucose (correct)

Lactate

Where does the process of aerobic oxidation of carbohydrates take place?

In the cells possessing mitochondria (correct)

In the cytoplasm of all cells

In the muscle cells during exercise

In the liver cells only

What is the purpose of the enzyme glucokinase in the liver?

To phosphorylate glucose with high affinity

To phosphorylate hexoses with low affinity

To inhibit the action of glucose 6-phosphate

To phosphorylate glucose with low affinity (correct)

What is the central molecule with a variety of metabolic fates?

Glucose 6-phosphate Signup and view all the answers

What is the significance of the enzyme phosphofructokinase (PFK) in glycolysis?

It is an allosteric inducible key enzyme Signup and view all the answers

In which cells does glycolysis form the major source of ATP synthesis?

Erythrocytes Signup and view all the answers

What is the end product of the glycolytic pathway in tissues with mitochondria?

Pyruvate Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of Mg2+ in reaction 8?

Activator of enolase Signup and view all the answers

What is the fate of NADH in anaerobic conditions?

It is reoxidized by the conversion of pyruvate to lactate Signup and view all the answers

What is the effect of iodoacetate on reaction 6?

It inhibits glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase Signup and view all the answers

What is the result of the inhibition of isomerase by bromohydroxyacetone-phosphate?

The accumulation of glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) in anaerobic conditions?

It converts pyruvate to lactate Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary source of energy for the brain, retina, renal medulla, and GI tract?

Glycolysis Signup and view all the answers

What is the net ATP yield from one glucose molecule in aerobic glycolysis?

7 ATP Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following enzymes is inhibited by glucose-6-phosphate?

Hexokinase Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of the malate-aspartate shuttle pathway in glycolysis?

To produce 3 ATP Signup and view all the answers

During strenuous exercise, which tissue relies heavily on un-interrupted glycolysis?

Skeletal muscle Signup and view all the answers

What is the effect of insulin on glycolysis?

Activates glycolytic enzymes Signup and view all the answers

What is the response of Pyruvate kinase to insulin and glucagon?

Increases in response to insulin and decreases in response to glucagon Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of Fructose 2,6-bisphosphate in the liver?

Regulation of Glycolysis Signup and view all the answers

What is the effect of cAMP phosphorylation on the tandem enzyme?

Inactivation of PFK2 and activation of Fructose 2,6-bisphosphatase Signup and view all the answers

What is the state of PFK2 and F 2,6 BP in high blood glucose levels?

PFK2 active and F 2,6 BP inactive Signup and view all the answers

What is the explanation for the Pasteur effect?

Inhibition of PFK by citrate and ATP Signup and view all the answers

What is the effect of oxygen on glycolysis in anaerobic yeast?

Inhibition of glycolysis Signup and view all the answers

What is the effect of 2,3 BPG on hemoglobin?

Decreases the affinity of Hb towards oxygen Signup and view all the answers

What is the fate of pyruvate in thiamine deficient alcoholics?

It is converted to lactate Signup and view all the answers

What is the consequence of hexokinase deficiency?

Decrease in 2,3 BPG Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of pyruvate dehydrogenase complex?

To convert pyruvate to acetyl CoA Signup and view all the answers

What is the effect of arsenic and mercuric ions on pyruvate dehydrogenase?

They inhibit pyruvate dehydrogenase Signup and view all the answers

What is the percentage of lactate formed that goes through the Rapoport-Luebering shunt?

15-25% Signup and view all the answers