6 Questions
What is the primary function of GLUT-4?
To induce the uptake of glucose in adipose tissue, heart, and skeletal muscle in response to insulin
Which GLUT type has the lowest Km value?
GLUT-1
What is the normal range of blood glucose levels in mg/dL?
70-99
Which type of glucose transport is involved in the absorption of glucose in the small intestine?
Secondary active transport
What is the function of SGLT-2 in the kidney?
To reabsorb glucose from the filtrate back into the bloodstream
What is the characteristic of GLUT-2?
It has a high Km value and is involved in the quick catch of glucose from the blood
Study Notes
Glucose Uptake to Tissues
- Glucose uptake to tissues occurs through two major mechanisms: facilitated passive diffusion and secondary active transport (cotransport)
- Facilitated passive diffusion involves GLUTs (Glucose Transporters)
- Secondary active transport involves SGLT (Sodium-Dependent Glucose Transport) in specific tissues
Glucose Transporters (GLUTs)
- GLUT 1: found in erythrocyte, brain, kidney, and placenta; has the lowest Km value
- GLUT 2: found in liver, pancreas, β-cells, small intestine, and kidney; has a high Km value for quick catch of glucose from blood
- GLUT 3: found in brain, placenta, and testis; has a low Km value
- GLUT 4: found in adipose tissue, heart, and skeletal muscle; induced with insulin
- GLUT 5: found in small intestine and testis; helps with fructose absorption
Sodium-Dependent Glucose Transport (SGLT)
- SGLT-1: found in small intestine and renal tubules; involved in Na+ dependent glucose absorption in small intestine
- SGLT-2: found in renal tubules; involved in glucose absorption against the concentration gradient in proximal tubule
Blood Glucose Levels
- Normal blood glucose levels: 70-99 mg/dL (3.9-5.5 mmol/L)
- Slightly hyperglycemic: 100-125 mg/dL (5.6-6.7 mmol/L)
- Hyperglycemic: ≥126 mg/dL (≥6.7 mmol/L)
- Slightly hypoglycemic: 60-69 mg/dL (3.3-3.8 mmol/L)
This quiz covers the regulation of glycolysis, glucose uptake in tissues, and the role of glucose transporters such as GLUTs and SGLT. It also explores the features of different GLUT types and their locations.
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