LEA 2 Midterm 1 (Gluteal/ anterior thigh/ medial thigh)
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Questions and Answers

Match each gluteal muscle to its origin.

Gluteus Maximus = Posterior Ilium/Crest, sacrum, coccyx, sacrotuberous ligament, fascia lata Gluteus Minimus = Lateral Ilium (Between ant/inf. gluteal lines) Gluteus Medius = Lateral Ilium (Between anterior/post gluteal lines) Tensor fascia latae = Iliac crest/ Lateral ASIS/ Deep fascia lata

Match each gluteal muscle to its insertion

Gluteus Maximus = IT band (Lateral intermuscular septum: superficial 2/3); Gluteal tuberosity (Deep distal 1/4) Gluteus Medius = Greater trochanter (lateral) Gluteus Minimus = Greater trochanter (anterolateral aspect) Tensor Fascia Latae = IT band

Match each muscle to its action

Gluteus Maximus = Extend and laterally rotate the thigh Gluteus Medius = Abduct and medially rotate the thigh Gluteus Minimus = Abduct and medially rotate the thigh Tensor Fascia latae = Abduct/medially rotate the thigh; Stabilize and steady the hip and knee joints

Match each deep gluteal muscle to its origin

<p>Piriformis = Anterior surface of sacrum Superior Gemellus = Ischial spine Obturator Internus = Obturator membrane/ Boney margins of obturator foramen Inferior Gemellus = Superior aspect of ischial tuberosity</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match each deep gluteal muscle to its insertion

<p>Piriformis = Superior aspect of the greater trochanter Superior Gemellus = Medial aspect of the greater trochanter Obturator Internus = Medial aspect of the greater trochanger Inferior Gemellus = Medial aspect of the greater trochanter</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the deep gluteal muscles to their insertion/ origin

<p>Quadratus Femoris = O: Lateral aspect of ischial tuberosity Obturator Externus = O: External obturator membrane/ Boney margins of obturator foramen (pubis/ischium) Quadratus Femoris = I: Quadrate tubercle in the intertrochanteric crest Obturator Externus = I: Trochanteric fossa of the medial surface of the greater trochanter</p> Signup and view all the answers

What deep gluteal muscles adduct and laterally rotate the thigh?

<p>Quadratus Femoris and Obturator externus</p> Signup and view all the answers

The superior gemellus, obturator internus and inferior gemellus are known as the triceps coxae

<p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

What innervates the gluteus maximus

<p>Inferior gluteal nerve (L5-S2)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What innervates the gluteus medius and gluteus minimus?

<p>Superior gluteal nerve (L4-S1)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What innervates the piriformis muscle?

<p>Nerve to piriformis (L5-S2)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What lies on the anterior aspect of piriformis

<p>The sacral plexus</p> Signup and view all the answers

The most important function of gluteus medius and minimus is to steady the pelvis when the contralateral leg is off the ground

<p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does a positive Trendelenburg test display?

<p>Injury to the gluteus minimus and gluteus medius (superior gluteal nerve)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is not a bursa of the gluteal/ hip region

<p>Suprapatellar bursa (Between the quadricep tendon and femur)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which muscle exits through the greater trochanter?

<p>Piriformis</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which muscle exits through the lesser sciatic foramen?

<p>Obturator internus muscle</p> Signup and view all the answers

What nerve is compressed in Piriformis syndrome?

<p>Sciatic nerve</p> Signup and view all the answers

The pudendal nerve exits through the lesser sciatic foramen to reenter through the greater sciatic foramen

<p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match each anterior thigh muscle (Flexor of the thigh/hip joint) to its origin

<p>Iliopsoas = Iliac fossa/ lumbar vertebrae Sartorius = ASIS Rectus Femoris = AIIS/ Groove over acetabulum N/A = N/A</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match each anterior thigh muscle to its origin (Extensors of the leg and knee joint)

<p>Vastus Lateralis = Anterior inferior border of the greater trochanter/ gluteal tuberosity/ lateral lip of linea aspera Vastus Intermedius = Anterior, lateral surface of the femur (linea aspera) Vastus Medialis = Spiral line/ medial lip of linea aspera/medial supracondylar ridge N/A = N/A</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which artery is a part of the trochanteric and cruciate anastomoses?

<p>Inferior gluteal artery</p> Signup and view all the answers

The anterior division of the lumbar plexus lies more anteriorly and the posterior division lies more posteriorly.

<p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

The femoral nerve (L2-L4) divides into 2 divisions 1 cm inferior to the inguinal ligament.

<p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

The posterior division of femoral nerve is largely sensory and the anterior division is largely motor

<p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

What structure does not enter the adductor canal?

<p>Femoral nerve</p> Signup and view all the answers

The superior gluteal artery is part of the trochanteric anastomosis

<p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

What provides sensory innervation to the skin overlying the femoral triangle

<p>Genitofemoral nerve (L1-L2)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Medial circumflex branch of profunda is posterior to the femur.

<p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

The lateral circumflex branch of profunda femoris is deep to rectus femoris.

<p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following borders of the femoral triangle is not properly matched with its structure?

<p>Medial: fascia lata</p> Signup and view all the answers

What structure is not formed by the aponeurosis of the external oblique?

<p>Sacrotuberous ligament</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is not a border of the adductor canal?

<p>All of the following are borders of the adductor canal</p> Signup and view all the answers

The fascia lata envelops sartorius

<p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

What muscles does the anterior obturator branch travel deep to?

<p>A &amp; C</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which muscle is not innervated by the anterior branch of the obturator nerve?

<p>Adductor magnus</p> Signup and view all the answers

What muscle does the posterior division of the obturator nerve travel posterior to?

<p>Adductor brevis</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which muscle is not innervated by the posterior branch of the obturator nerve?

<p>Adductor longus</p> Signup and view all the answers

The profunda femoris artery can be found in the posterolateral surface of the femoral artery

<p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

The profunda femoris artery is 5-8 centimeters from the inguinal ligament

<p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which muscle is not a border of the profunda femoris artery

<p>Deep to profunda: rectus femoris</p> Signup and view all the answers

Where does the profunda femoris terminate?

<p>The 4th perforating artery</p> Signup and view all the answers

What do the perforating arteries of the profunda supply?

<p>The posterior thigh</p> Signup and view all the answers

The medial circumflex artery may branch from the femoral artery 20% of the time

<p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which branch is part of the medial circumflex femoral branch?

<p>A &amp; B</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the branches of the lateral circumflex femoral artery?

<p>Ascending branch (trochanteric anastomosis), transverse branch (cruciate anastomosis), descending branch (genicular anastomosis)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match each medial thigh muscle to its origin

<p>Pectineus = Superior pubic ramus (pectin pubis) Adductor Longus = Pubis (inferior to the pubic crest) Adductor brevis = Pubis (inferior ramus) Adductor magnus = Ischial tuberosity</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match each muscle to its insertion site

<p>Pectineus = Linea aspera (pectineal line) Adductor longus = Middle 1/3 of linea aspera Adductor brevis = Linea aspera (pectineal line) Adductor magnus = Adductor tubercle and Linea aspera</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which muscle is most commonly involved in groin injuries?

<p>Adductor magnus</p> Signup and view all the answers

The superior gluteal, inferior gluteal and posterior cutaneous femoral nerves are part of the posterior division of the sacral plexus

<p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Gluteal Muscles

  • Gluteus maximus: origin - gluteal surface of ilium, lumbar fascia, and sacrum; insertion - gluteal tuberosity of femur
  • Gluteus medius: origin - gluteal surface of ilium; insertion - greater trochanter of femur
  • Gluteus minimus: origin - gluteal surface of ilium; insertion - greater trochanter of femur
  • Piriformis: origin - sacrum and gluteal surface of ilium; insertion - superior border of greater trochanter of femur
  • Superior gemellus: origin - ischial spine; insertion - medial border of greater trochanter of femur
  • Obturator internus: origin - internal surface of obturator membrane and surrounding bone; insertion - medial border of greater trochanter of femur
  • Inferior gemellus: origin - ischial tuberosity; insertion - medial border of greater trochanter of femur

Actions of Gluteal Muscles

  • Gluteus maximus: extends and laterally rotates the thigh
  • Gluteus medius: abducts and medially rotates the thigh
  • Gluteus minimus: abducts and medially rotates the thigh
  • Piriformis: laterally rotates the thigh
  • Superior gemellus, obturator internus, and inferior gemellus: adduct and laterally rotate the thigh

Deep Gluteal Muscles

  • Superior gemellus, obturator internus, and inferior gemellus: known as the triceps coxae
  • Origin: superior gemellus - ischial spine; obturator internus - internal surface of obturator membrane and surrounding bone; inferior gemellus - ischial tuberosity
  • Insertion: superior gemellus, obturator internus, and inferior gemellus - medial border of greater trochanter of femur

Innervation

  • Gluteus maximus: innervated by the inferior gluteal nerve
  • Gluteus medius and gluteus minimus: innervated by the superior gluteal nerve
  • Piriformis: innervated by the nerve to piriformis

Functional Importance

  • Gluteus medius and minimus: steady the pelvis when the contralateral leg is off the ground
  • A positive Trendelenburg test displays weak gluteus medius and minimus

Other Muscles and Structures

  • Anterior thigh muscle (Flexor of the thigh/hip joint): iliopsoas muscle; origin - lumbar vertebrae and iliac fossa
  • Anterior thigh muscle (Extensor of the leg and knee joint): quadriceps muscle; origin - femur and tibia
  • Muscle exiting through the greater trochanter: piriformis
  • Muscle exiting through the lesser sciatic foramen: tendon of obturator internus
  • Nerve compressed in Piriformis syndrome: sciatic nerve
  • Pudendal nerve: exits through the lesser sciatic foramen to reenter through the greater sciatic foramen

Blood Supply

  • Superior gluteal artery: part of the trochanteric anastomosis
  • Medial circumflex branch of profunda: posterior to the femur
  • Lateral circumflex branch of profunda: deep to rectus femoris
  • Profunda femoris artery: lies in the posterolateral surface of the femoral artery
  • Termination of profunda femoris: terminates around the level of the femoral shaft
  • Perforating arteries of the profunda: supply the surrounding muscles and fascia

Adductor Canal

  • Anterior obturator branch travels deep to: adductor longus and brevis muscles
  • Muscle not innervated by the anterior branch of the obturator nerve: gracilis
  • Posterior division of the obturator nerve travels posterior to: adductor magnus muscle
  • Muscle not innervated by the posterior branch of the obturator nerve: pectineus

Other

  • Medial thigh muscle: adductor magnus; origin - ischial tuberosity and inferior pubic ramus
  • Muscle most commonly involved in groin injuries: adductor longus

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Test your knowledge of gluteal muscles by matching each muscle to its origin. This quiz will help you learn about the anatomy of the gluteal region.

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