Podcast
Questions and Answers
Which muscle is primarily responsible for laterally rotating the hip joint?
Which muscle is primarily responsible for laterally rotating the hip joint?
What is the nerve supply for the gluteus maximus muscle?
What is the nerve supply for the gluteus maximus muscle?
Which function is NOT performed by the gluteus medius?
Which function is NOT performed by the gluteus medius?
Identify the smallest and deepest muscle of the superficial gluteal muscles.
Identify the smallest and deepest muscle of the superficial gluteal muscles.
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Which arteries primarily supply the muscles in the gluteal region?
Which arteries primarily supply the muscles in the gluteal region?
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What is the main action of the tensor fascia lata?
What is the main action of the tensor fascia lata?
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Which deep gluteal muscle is located beneath the gluteus minimus?
Which deep gluteal muscle is located beneath the gluteus minimus?
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What is the primary action of the gluteus maximus muscle?
What is the primary action of the gluteus maximus muscle?
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What is the primary action of the tensor fasciae lata muscle?
What is the primary action of the tensor fasciae lata muscle?
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Which muscle originates from the anterior surface of the sacrum?
Which muscle originates from the anterior surface of the sacrum?
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What nerve supplies the tensor fasciae lata muscle?
What nerve supplies the tensor fasciae lata muscle?
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Which action is performed by the obturator internus muscle?
Which action is performed by the obturator internus muscle?
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What is the insertion point for both the obturator internus and the gemellus superior muscles?
What is the insertion point for both the obturator internus and the gemellus superior muscles?
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Which muscle assists the gluteus maximus in extending the knee joint?
Which muscle assists the gluteus maximus in extending the knee joint?
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What is the origin of the gemellus inferior muscle?
What is the origin of the gemellus inferior muscle?
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Which of the following muscles is considered a key landmark in the gluteal region?
Which of the following muscles is considered a key landmark in the gluteal region?
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Study Notes
Gluteal Region Muscles
- The gluteal region is a posterior area to the pelvic girdle, near the femur's proximal end. Muscles in this area control lower limb movement at the hip joint.
- Gluteal muscles are broadly categorized into superficial abductors/extensors and deep lateral rotators.
- Superficial group includes gluteus maximus, medius, minimus, and tensor fasciae lata. These primarily abduct and extend the femur.
- Deep lateral rotators include quadratus femoris, piriformis, gemellus superior, and gemellus inferior, and obturator internus. Their main function is laterally rotating the lower limb & stabilizing the hip joint.
- Arterial blood supply to these muscles is mainly from the superior and inferior gluteal arteries, branches of the internal iliac artery. Venous drainage follows the arterial supply.
Gluteus Maximus
- The largest muscle in the body, positioned superficially and shaping the buttocks.
- Originates from the outer surfaces of ilium, sacrum, coccyx, and sacrotuberous ligament
- Inserts into the iliotibial tract and gluteal tuberosity of the femur.
- Innervated by the inferior gluteal nerve (L5, S1, S2).
- Actions include hip extension and lateral rotation, also knee extension via the iliotibial tract.
Gluteus Medius
- Fan-shaped muscle situated between the gluteus maximus and minimus. Similar in shape and function to the gluteus minimus.
- Originates from the outer surface of the ilium.
- Inserts into the lateral surface of the greater trochanter of the femur.
- Innervated by the superior gluteal nerve (L5, S1).
- Actions involve abduction of the thigh and tilting the pelvis during walking.
Gluteus Minimus
- Deepest and smallest of the superficial gluteal muscles, similar in shape and function to the gluteus medius.
- Originates from the outer surface of the ilium.
- Inserts into the anterior surface of the greater trochanter of the femur.
- Innervated by the superior gluteal nerve (L5, S1).
- Actions include abduction of the thigh and tilting the pelvis during walking.
Tensor Fasciae Latae
- A small, superficial muscle situated near the anterior edge of the iliac crest.
- Originates from the iliac crest.
- Inserts into the iliotibial tract.
- Innervated by the superior gluteal nerve (L4,L5).
- Assists in extending the knee joint and abducting and medially rotating the thigh.
Piriformis
- A key landmark in the gluteal region, situated superiorly among deep muscles.
- Originates from the anterior surface of the sacrum.
- Inserts into the greater trochanter of the femur.
- Innervated by the first and second sacral nerves (L5, S1, S2).
- Acts as a lateral rotator of the thigh at the hip joint.
Obturator Internus
- Fan-shaped muscle within the pelvis. Emerges through the lesser sciatic foramen and projects into the gluteal region.
- Originates from the inner surface of the obturator membrane.
- Inserts into the upper border of the greater trochanter of the femur.
- Innervated by the sacral plexus (L5, S1).
- Functions as a lateral rotator of the thigh.
Gemellus Superior
- Narrow, triangular muscle that lies next to the obturator internus tendon.
- Originates from the spine of the ischium.
- Inserts into the upper border of the greater trochanter of the femur.
- Innervated by the sacral plexus (L5, S1).
- Acts as a lateral thigh rotator.
Gemellus Inferior
- Narrow, triangular muscle near the obturator internus tendon.
- Originates from the ischial tuberosity.
- Inserts into the upper border of the greater trochanter of the femur.
- Innervated by the sacral plexus (L5, S1).
- Acts as a lateral thigh rotator.
Quadratus Femoris
- Flat, square-shaped muscle, most inferior of the deep gluteal muscles; located below the gemelli and obturator internus .
- Originates from the lateral border of the ischial tuberosity.
- Inserts into the quadrate tubercle of the femur.
- Innervated by the sacral plexus (L5, S1).
- Acts as a lateral rotator of the thigh at the hip joint.
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Description
Test your knowledge on the anatomy and functions of the gluteal region muscles. This quiz covers both superficial abductors/extensors and deep lateral rotators. Learn about their roles in lower limb movement and blood supply.
