Human Anatomy: Gluteal Region

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Questions and Answers

What forms the base of the femoral triangle?

Pectineus muscle

Adductor longus muscle

Sartorius muscle

Inguinal ligament (correct)

Which of the following is NOT a content of the femoral triangle?

Sciatic nerve (correct)

Femoral artery

Femoral nerve

Femoral vein

Which statement accurately describes the femoral sheath?

It is approximately 1 cm long.

It surrounds the femoral artery, vein, and lymphatics. (correct)

Its medial wall is longer than its lateral wall.

It is a rigid structure that does not allow movement.

What is a notable effect of paralysis of the gluteus medius and minimus muscles?

Trendelenburg's sign Signup and view all the answers

Which nerve is primarily responsible for innervating the muscles of the front of the thigh?

Femoral nerve Signup and view all the answers

Which muscle primarily contributes to the stabilization of the knee during extension?

Tensor fascia lata Signup and view all the answers

Which nerve supplies the gluteus maximus muscle?

Inferior gluteal nerve Signup and view all the answers

What action is NOT performed by the gluteus maximus?

Abduction of the hip Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following muscles prevents the pelvis from dropping on the swing side during walking?

Gluteus minimus Signup and view all the answers

Which muscle originates from the ilium between the anterior and posterior gluteal lines?

Gluteus medius Signup and view all the answers

Which nerve is responsible for innervating the piriformis muscle?

Sacral nerves Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the gluteus medius muscle?

Abduction of the hip Signup and view all the answers

Which muscle is NOT part of the deep layer of the gluteal region?

Gluteus minimus Signup and view all the answers

What structures form the lateral boundary of the femoral triangle?

Sartorius muscle Signup and view all the answers

Which structure is found medial to the femoral artery within the femoral triangle?

Femoral vein Signup and view all the answers

The femoral sheath contains which of the following structures?

Femoral artery, femoral vein, and femoral canal Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the gluteus medius and minimus muscles?

Abducting and medially rotating the thigh Signup and view all the answers

Which nerve is responsible for the motor supply to the quadriceps muscles?

Femoral nerve Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Gluteal Region

Gluteus maximus
- Origin: Ilium behind posterior gluteal line
- Insertion: Iliotibial tract, Gluteal tuberosity of femur
- Nerve supply: Inferior gluteal nerve
Gluteus medius
- Origin: Ilium between anterior & posterior gluteal lines
- Insertion: Lateral surface of greater trochanter
- Nerve supply: Superior gluteal nerve
Gluteus minimus
- Origin: Ilium between anterior & inferior gluteal lines
- Insertion: Front of greater trochanter
- Nerve supply: Superior gluteal nerve
Tensor fascia lata
- Origin: Outer lip of iliac crest & ASIS
- Insertion: Lateral condyle of tibia via iliotibial tract
- Nerve supply: Superior gluteal nerve
Gluteal action
- Tensor fascia lata
  - Stabilization of knee during extension
  - Stabilisation of knee during extension (flexed leg)
- Gluteus medius & minimus
  - Abduction of hip
  - Prevent pelvis from dropping on the swing side during walking
- Gluteus maximus
  - Extension of hip
  - Lateral rotation of the thigh
  - Assist in rising from sitting position
Nerve supply
- Piriformis (key muscle): Sacral nerves
- Superior gamelli: Nerve to obturator internus
- Obturator internus: Nerve to obturator internus
- Inferior gamelli: Nerve to quadratus femoris
- Quadratus femoris: Nerve to quadratus femoris
Trendelenburg's sign
- Gluteus medius & minimus: Abductors of the hip joint
- Prevents unsupported side of pelvis from dipping down
- Maintains a horizontal line of pelvis during walking & running
- Paralysis of Gluteus medius & minimus: Pelvis sinks on unsupported side (Trendelenburg's sign) & lurching gait

Femoral triangle & Anterior aspect of thigh

Boundaries of femoral triangle:
- Base: Inguinal ligament
- Lateral border: Medial margin of sartorius muscle
- Medial border: Medial margin of adductor longus muscle
Floor:
- Adductor longus
- Pectineus
- Psoas major
- Iliacus
Apex: Meeting point of sartorius & adductor longus. It is continuous with adductor canal
Roof:
- Skin
- Superficial fascia
- Fascia lata: Deep fascia of thigh
Contents:
- Femoral nerve
- Femoral artery
- Femoral vein
- Femoral lymph nodes
Femoral sheath:
- Funnel-shaped sleeve of fascia surrounding artery, vein & lymphatics.
- 3-4 cm long
- Medial wall is shorter than the lateral wall
- Contents: Femoral artery, femoral vein, femoral lymph nodes
- Compartments: Lateral (Femoral artery & femoral branch of genitofemoral nerve), Intermediate (Femoral vein), Medial (Femoral canal)
Femoral artery:
- Continuation of external iliac artery
- Passes under the inguinal ligament
- Passes through the femoral triangle
- Passes through adductor hiatus in adductor magnus muscle in adductor canal to reach posterior aspect of knee
- Continues as popliteal artery
Branches:
- Superficial epigastric artery
- Superficial circumflex iliac artery
- Superficial external pudendal artery
- Deep external pudendal artery
- Muscular branches
  - Profunda femoris: Supplies the muscles of the thigh
    - Medial circumflex femoral artery
    - Lateral circumflex femoral artery
  - Perforating arteries: Pierce the adductor magnus and supplies the adductor and hamstring muscles
Femoral vein:
- From the adductor canal, it enters the femoral triangle through its apex
- Lies medial to the femoral artery
- Continues with the external iliac vein beneath the inguinal ligament
- Tributaries: Profunda femoris vein, Great saphenous vein
Femoral nerve:
- Originates from the lumbar plexus
- Passes under inguinal ligament to enter femoral triangle
- Divides into anterior & posterior divisions
- Supplies quadriceps muscles
Ilio-Psoas:
- Iliacus & Psoas major
- Nerve supply:
  - Iliacus: Femoral nerve
  - Psoas major: Lumbar (L1, L2, L3) nerves
- Action:
  - Psoas major flexes the thigh (hip joint) on the pelvis (laying down or standing)
  - Flexes the vertebral column on the thigh
  - Iliacus flexes the thigh (hip joint) on the pelvis only
  - Both muscles medially rotate the thigh
Pectineus
- Nerve supply: Femoral & obturator nerves
- Action: Flexes, adducts & medially rotates thigh at hip joint

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Description

Test your knowledge on the anatomy of the gluteal region, including the gluteus maximus, medius, and minimus, as well as the tensor fascia lata. This quiz covers origins, insertions, nerve supplies, and muscle actions. Perfect for students and enthusiasts of human anatomy!