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Glucocorticoids Synthesis in Adrenal Glands lec3 endocrine
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Glucocorticoids Synthesis in Adrenal Glands lec3 endocrine

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Questions and Answers

In which zone of the adrenal cortex is the most potent glucocorticoid primarily produced?

  • Zona reticularis
  • Zona medullaris
  • Zona fasciculata (correct)
  • Zona glomerulosa
  • Which enzyme is responsible for the initial hydroxylation at the C17 position in cortisol synthesis?

  • 17α-hydroxylase (correct)
  • 21-hydroxylase
  • 3 β-OHSD
  • 11 β-hydroxylase
  • What is the intermediate product formed directly after the action of 3 β-OHSD and Δ5 4 isomerase on 17-hydroxypregnenolone?

  • 11-deoxycortisol
  • Cortisol
  • Progesterone
  • 17-hydroxyprogesterone (correct)
  • Which of the following is NOT correctly matched with its enzyme action site during cortisol synthesis?

    <p>11 β-hydroxylase - Smooth endoplasmic reticulum</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which enzyme catalyzes the final step in cortisol synthesis?

    <p>11 β-hydroxylase</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of 21-hydroxylase in cortisol synthesis?

    <p>Hydroxylates 17-hydroxyprogesterone at C21</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Glucocorticoids Synthesis

    • Glucocorticoids synthesis occurs in the zona fasciculata and to a lesser extent in the zona reticularis.
    • The most potent glucocorticoid produced is cortisol.
    • Cortisol synthesis requires three hydroxylases that act sequentially on the C17, C21, and C11 positions.

    Cortisol Synthesis Steps

    • 17α-hydroxylase, a smooth endoplasmic reticulum enzyme, acts on pregnenolone to produce 17-hydroxypregnenolone.
    • 17-hydroxypregnenolone is converted into 17-hydroxyprogesterone by the action of 3 β-OHSD and Δ5 4 isomerase.
    • Additionally, a small amount of 17-hydroxyprogesterone is produced by the action of 17α-hydroxylase on progesterone.
    • 17-hydroxyprogesterone is hydroxylated at C21 to form 11-deoxycortisol, a potent mineralocorticoid, by the action of 21-hydroxylase enzyme.
    • 11-deoxycortisol leaves the smooth endoplasmic reticulum and enters the mitochondria, where it is subjected to another hydroxylation at C11 by the action of 11 β-hydroxylase enzyme, forming cortisol.

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    Description

    Learn about the synthesis of glucocorticoids, specifically cortisol, in the zona fasciculata and zona reticularis of adrenal glands.

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