Cortisol Effects on Metabolism Quiz
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Questions and Answers

During stress, which gland increases the secretion of glucocorticoid hormones like cortisol?

  • Adrenal cortex (correct)
  • Thyroid gland
  • Pituitary gland
  • Pancreas
  • What is the primary effect of cortisol during stress?

  • Suppression of growth hormone
  • Enhancement of reproductive hormones
  • Stimulation of gluconeogenesis (correct)
  • Inhibition of thyroid hormone production
  • In the General Adaptation Syndrome (GAS), which stage is marked by the onset of diseases of adaptation?

  • Alarm stage
  • Stage of resistance or adaptation
  • Stage of exhaustion (correct)
  • Stage of acceptance
  • What initiates the stress response involving corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF) and cortisol?

    <p>Hypothalamus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which system is involved in initiating the stress response along with the endocrine system?

    <p>Sympathetic nervous system</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What hormone suppresses reproduction, growth, and thyroid hormone during stress?

    <p>Cortisol</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which hormone is released in response to stress and plays a role in Takotsubo cardiomyopathy?

    <p>Cortisol</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In the stress response, the pituitary gland releases hormones that act on which organ?

    <p>Adrenal cortex</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What effect does stress have on the synthesis of nucleic acids and proteins?

    <p>Decrease</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which stage of stress development involves the body mobilizing resources to respond to a perceived threat?

    <p>Alarm reaction</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In General Adaptation Syndrome (GAS), which phase follows the resistance stage if stress continues without relief?

    <p>Exhaustion</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main hormone released during the alarm reaction stage of General Adaptation Syndrome (GAS)?

    <p>Cortisol</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which hormone can act as an immunosuppressant by inhibiting protein synthesis and synthesis of immunoglobulin?

    <p>Cortisol</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the effect of cortisol on protein metabolism?

    <p>Increases the rate of protein synthesis in the liver</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In which tissues does cortisol have catabolic effects?

    <p>Muscle and adipose tissue</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which cells can cortisol suppress that reduces the third line of defense in the immune system?

    <p>Macrophages and lymphocytes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What physiological stressor is mentioned to include psychosocial distress?

    <p>Academic pressures</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What changes are associated with periods of depression and emotional upheaval according to the text?

    <p>Increased risk for ill health</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main function of cortisol in the stress response?

    <p>Promoting inflammation and immune responses</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which gland is primarily responsible for triggering the release of cortisol during stress?

    <p>Pituitary gland</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does chronic stress affect hormonal balance in the body?

    <p>Suppressing the immune system through decreased cytokine production</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In the stages of stress development, which phase involves initial exposure to a stressor and activation of the fight-or-flight response?

    <p>Alarm reaction</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which term describes the body's overall response to stressors, involving alarm, resistance, and exhaustion phases?

    <p>General adaptation syndrome (GAS)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In early stages of successful adaptive responses to stress, what might cells exhibit?

    <p>Enhanced function and activity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which cellular adaptation involves an increase in cell number?

    <p>Hyperplasia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common example of pathologic hyperplasia mentioned in the text?

    <p>Proliferation of endometrial cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which theme is NOT mentioned as important in understanding cell injury and cell death?

    <p>Extracellular events</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the most common cause of hypoxia mentioned in the text?

    <p>Ischemia (reduced blood supply)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Within what time frame does the heart muscle show signs of difficulty contracting after blood supply interruption?

    <p>1 minute</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which is NOT a significant adaptive change in cells mentioned in the text?

    <p>Anaplasia (reversible replacement of one mature cell type by another)</p> Signup and view all the answers

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