Metabolism and Cell Biology Quiz
43 Questions
2 Views

Choose a study mode

Play Quiz
Study Flashcards
Spaced Repetition
Chat to lesson

Podcast

Play an AI-generated podcast conversation about this lesson

Questions and Answers

What topic is covered in Week 6 of the course?

  • Mitochondrial Therapeutics
  • Cell Signaling III-IV (correct)
  • Bioenergetics
  • Obesity

    • Which of the following is NOT listed as a topic in the course schedule?

  • Inflammation
  • Muscle Metabolism (correct)
  • Cell Signaling I
  • Redox Biology

    • During which week is the topic 'Obesity' discussed?

  • Week 1
  • Week 4
  • Week 5
  • Week 3 (correct)

    • Which week includes the topic 'Alzheimer’s II'?

    <p>Week 8</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the first topic covered in Week 1 of the course?

    <p>Carbohydrate Metabolism I</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What unique aspect of lipid metabolism is introduced in Week 2?

    <p>Dietary Lipids and Lipoproteins</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In what session are the biochemical processes of fat and NSAIDs addressed?

    <p>Week 2</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which topic is covered in Week 5 alongside Mitochondrial Therapeutics?

    <p>Cell Signaling I</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which enzyme catalyzes the conversion of pyruvate into phosphoenolpyruvate in the mitochondria?

    <p>Pyruvate carboxylase</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following enzymes is inhibited by ADP during gluconeogenesis?

    <p>Phosphoenol-pyruvate carboxykinase</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary role of acetyl-CoA in the process of gluconeogenesis?

    <p>It stimulates pyruvate carboxylase activity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following statements about the irreversible reactions in glycolysis is true?

    <p>They can be circumvented in gluconeogenesis.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What substrate is produced by the action of pyruvate carboxylase?

    <p>Oxaloacetate</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which GLUT protein is most highly expressed in the human erythrocyte membrane?

    <p>GLUT1</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which class of GLUT proteins includes GLUT5?

    <p>Class II</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a key function of GLUT1 in the human body?

    <p>Mediates materno-placental transfer of glucose</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which condition is associated with GLUT2 deficiency?

    <p>Fanconi-Bickel syndrome</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In which tissue is GLUT4 primarily expressed?

    <p>Skeletal muscle</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a major clinical implication of altered GLUT1 levels?

    <p>Fetal development issues</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which GLUT protein is primarily associated with neuronal glucose uptake?

    <p>GLUT3</p> Signup and view all the answers

    GLUT6 is primarily distributed in which tissues?

    <p>Brain and spleen</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which disorder is associated with increased GLUT4 expression?

    <p>Type II diabetes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which GLUT class includes GLUT10?

    <p>Class III</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens to lactate utilization in liver diseases?

    <p>It is decreased.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What physiological condition does not require oxygen for lactate production?

    <p>Anaerobiosis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What substance is the precursor for the synthesis of cortisol?

    <p>Cholesterol</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary metabolic pathway for erythrocytes to produce ATP?

    <p>Glycolytic pathway</p> Signup and view all the answers

    During the synthesis of cortisol, which enzyme is responsible for converting pregnenolone to progesterone?

    <p>Hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In the liver, which enzyme does cortisol activate to increase gluconeogenesis?

    <p>P-EnolPyruvate Carboxykinase (PEPCK)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a consequence of pyruvate kinase deficiency in erythrocytes?

    <p>Decreased ATP production</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main function of the Cori Cycle?

    <p>To recycle lactate into glucose</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In cases of ethanol intoxication, what impact is observed on lactate levels?

    <p>Lactate levels rise due to processed ethanol.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following metabolites is produced after 11-deoxycortisol in the cortisol synthesis pathway?

    <p>Cortisol</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following conditions does NOT contribute to hypoxia?

    <p>Ethanol metabolism</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How do glycolytic pathways in muscle cells respond to intense exercise?

    <p>Increased lactate production.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which molecular compartment is primarily involved in the conversion of pregnenolone to 17a-hydroxy-progesterone?

    <p>Endoplasmic reticulum</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What action does cortisol perform to enhance hepatic glucose production?

    <p>Translocate to the nucleus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of Na,K–ATPase in erythrocytes?

    <p>Maintains ion balance in the cell.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What role does PEPCK serve in the process of gluconeogenesis?

    <p>Catalyze the conversion of oxaloacetate to P-enol pyruvate</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What major product is formed from glucose during glycolysis?

    <p>2 Pyruvate</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Cortisol synthesis involves several steps starting from cholesterol. Which step follows the conversion of pregnenolone?

    <p>Conversion to progesterone</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What effect does hypoxia have on lactate levels?

    <p>It increases lactate levels.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which process does the Cori Cycle primarily support during high-intensity exercise?

    <p>Anaerobic glycolysis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Course Information

    • Course ID: PhrD515
    • Title: Metabolism and Cell Biology
    • Class Schedule: Mondays 09:00 AM – 12:00 PM (Synchronous)
    • Location: PSC108
    • Coordinator: Enrique Cadenas
    • Office: PSC614
    • Contact: [email protected]
    • Office Hours: By appointment, Wednesdays 3:00-4:00 PM

    Weekly Schedule Overview

    • Week 1: Carbohydrate Metabolism I & II, Bioenergetics
    • Week 2: Biochemistry of Fat and NSAIDs, Lipid Metabolism
    • Week 3: Dietary Lipids and Lipoproteins, Obesity, Atherosclerosis
    • Week 4: Starve/Feed Cycle, Synthesis of cortisol
    • Week 5: Mitochondrial Therapeutics, Cell Signaling I-IV
    • Week 6: Redox Biology, Inflammation
    • Week 7: Alzheimer’s I & II

    Cortisol Synthesis

    • Cortisol is synthesized in mitochondria from cholesterol, initially converted to pregnenolone.
    • Pregnenolone is transformed to progesterone in the endoplasmic reticulum.
    • Sequential transformations lead to 17a-hydroxy-progesterone and then to 11-deoxycortisol, which is ultimately metabolized to cortisol.

    Role of Cortisol in Gluconeogenesis

    • Cortisol binds to the Glucocorticoid Responsive Gene (GRG) upon translocating to the nucleus.
    • Activates transcription of P-EnolPyruvate Carboxykinase (PEPCK), enhancing hepatic glucose production.
    • PEPCK catalyzes the conversion of oxaloacetate to P-enol pyruvate in the cytosol.

    The Cori Cycle

    • Describes conversion of lactate from skeletal muscle into glucose in the liver; glucose is then returned to the muscle for ATP production.

    GLUT Protein Classification

    • Human GLUT proteins are categorized into three classes based on specificity:
      • Class I: GLUT1, GLUT2, GLUT3, GLUT4, GLUT14
      • Class II: GLUT5, GLUT7, GLUT9, GLUT11
      • Class III: GLUT6, GLUT8, GLUT10, GLUT12

    GLUT1 Function

    • Highly expressed in erythrocytes, brain, and maternal-placental transfer of glucose.
    • Essential for brain glucose uptake, especially across the blood-brain barrier.
    • Deficiency can lead to seizures, developmental delay, and neurobehavioral symptoms.
    • Upregulation is linked to tumor progression in cancers.

    GLUT2 Characteristics

    • High-capacity, bidirectional transporter primarily found in the liver, islets of Langerhans, kidney, and intestine.
    • Plays a significant role in glucose homeostasis and lactate utilization in various physiological conditions.

    Glycolysis and Clinical Correlations

    • Pyruvate kinase deficiency leads to hemolytic anemia due to impaired ATP production in erythrocytes.
    • Regulatory reactions in glycolysis (irreversible) include hexokinase, phosphofructokinase, and pyruvate kinase.
    • Reactions bypassed in gluconeogenesis are facilitated by different enzymes like pyruvate carboxylase and phospho-fructo phosphatase.

    Gluconeogenesis Pathways

    • Pyruvate conversion to phospho-enol-pyruvate occurs in two steps:
      • In mitochondria by pyruvate carboxylase (stimulated by acetyl-CoA).
      • In cytosol by PEP-CK (inhibited by ADP).

    Studying That Suits You

    Use AI to generate personalized quizzes and flashcards to suit your learning preferences.

    Quiz Team

    Related Documents

    Metabolism and Cell Biology (PHRD 515) PDF Fall 2024

    Description

    Test your knowledge on key concepts from the Metabolism and Cell Biology course. This quiz covers topics such as carbohydrate and lipid metabolism, the synthesis of cortisol, and the biological implications of these processes. Prepare for questions about metabolic pathways and their significance in health and disease.

    More Like This

    Use Quizgecko on...
    Browser
    Open
    Browser
    Browser