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Questions and Answers
Which of the following is NOT a key institution of global governance?
The United Nations was established in 1945 and currently has 193 member states.
True
What is the main purpose of the United Nations?
To promote international peace and stability.
Global governance often struggles with external challenges such as ________ intervention.
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Match the UN divisions with their primary roles:
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Which factor is NOT considered a challenge of global governance in the 21st century?
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The Economic and Social Council (ECOSOC) has 54 member states.
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Name one major initiative of the United Nations.
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Which doctrine of adoption states that international law automatically becomes part of national law?
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International law governs relationships among individuals within a state.
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What are the two sources of national law?
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The __________ represents practices that states consistently follow and accept as law.
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Match the following concepts with their descriptions:
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What are the two methods through which international law becomes part of state law?
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Treaties must be explicitly adopted through legislation to become national law in the Philippines.
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What is the role of the Secretary-General in the United Nations?
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Study Notes
Global Governance
- Global governance involves political cooperation among countries to tackle global issues that affect multiple states or regions.
- Key institutions include the United Nations (UN), International Criminal Court, and World Bank.
- It lacks enforcement power and requires collaboration among states and international organizations.
Role of Global Governance
- Designed to facilitate negotiations on global challenges that cannot be effectively managed by individual nations.
Global Governance Challenges in the 21st Century
- Declining power of nation-states necessitates an increase in global governance.
- Transnational flows of information and migration present cross-border challenges.
- Criminal activities, such as drug trafficking, call for coordinated responses.
- Global financial crises highlight the need for international governance assistance to stabilize economies.
Traditional Challenges to Global Governance
- External intervention can disrupt peace, as seen in Iraq's invasion of Kuwait.
- National identity movements may conflict with established state boundaries.
- Global economic policies require states to adapt to free-market regulations imposed by organizations like WTO and NAFTA.
- Social movements can challenge existing state control and sovereignty.
The United Nations (UN)
- Established in 1945 to promote international peace and stability; has grown from 51 to 193 member states.
- Key initiatives aim to prevent conflicts and provide humanitarian support.
UN Divisions
- General Assembly (GA): Policymaking body with 193 member states; requires a two-thirds majority for important decisions.
- Security Council: Most powerful body with 15 members, 5 being permanent; responsible for maintaining international peace.
- Economic and Social Council (ECOSOC): Deals with social and environmental issues; 54 members focus on sustainable development.
- International Court of Justice (ICJ): Resolves state-to-state legal disputes based on international law; decisions binding only if accepted by involved states.
- Secretariat: Managed by the Secretary-General, functioning as the UN's administrative arm.
International Law vs. National Law
- International Law: Governs relationships among states and international entities; sources include treaties and customs.
- Conflicts resolved via state-to-state interactions.
- National Law: Regulates relationships among individuals within a state; sources include statutes and executive orders.
Incorporation of International Law into National Law
- Two doctrines govern this process:
- Doctrine of Incorporation: International law automatically becomes part of national law.
- Doctrine of Transformation: Requires international law to be explicitly adopted into national law through legislation.
Doctrine of Transformation in the Philippines
- International law principles are incorporated as national law with legislative approval; significant for treaty ratification requiring two-thirds Senate consent.
International Conventions and Customs
- International Conventions: Written agreements that states enter into under international law; examples include the 1951 Mutual Defense Treaty.
- International Customs: Consist of practices states consistently follow, becoming recognized norms in international relations.
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Description
This quiz will assess your understanding of global governance, its definition, and the critical roles that the United Nations plays in addressing global issues. You will also explore the challenges that global governance faces in the 21st century. Test your knowledge and see how well you grasp these important concepts!
