Genome Editing & Transcription Mechanisms

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What is the primary function of 'molecular scissors' in genome editing?

To stimulate DNA repair mechanisms

To introduce desirable DNA modifications

To create double-stranded breaks at specific sites in the genome (correct)

To delete or insert nucleotides

What is the difference between Non-homologous end-joining (NHEJ) and Homology directed repair (HDR)?

NHEJ causes gene mutation, while HDR repairs DNA

NHEJ introduces template, while HDR does not

NHEJ is error-prone, while HDR is precise (correct)

NHEJ requires a template, while HDR does not

What is the function of the FokI enzyme in Zinc finger nucleases (ZFNs)?

RNA-binding

DNA-binding

DNA-repair

DNA-cleaving (correct)

What is the year Clustered regularly-interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR/Cas9) was developed?

2012 Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the insertion or deletion of nucleotides causing gene mutation?

Indel Signup and view all the answers

How many zinc finger proteins are linked together to create a specific binding site in the genome?

4-6 Signup and view all the answers

What is the name of the protein that is injected into the cell to bind DNA after transcription in the TALEN genome editing technique?

TALE Signup and view all the answers

What is the name of the genome editing technique that uses a DNA-binding domain and a DNA-cleaving enzyme?

ZFNs Signup and view all the answers

In what year were Transcription activator-like effector nucleases (TALENs) first developed?

2010 Signup and view all the answers

What is the name of the genome editing technique that uses a Cas9 nuclease to make a double-stranded break in the genome?

CRISPR/Cas9 Signup and view all the answers

How many amino acid modules are required for the Foki nuclease?

34 Signup and view all the answers

What is the name of the first identified CRISPR system?

CRISPRs Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of the 5´ and 3´ repeats in crRNAs?

To interact with Cascade subunits Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the Cascade complex in CRISPR mechanism?

To process the pre-crRNA into short RNA pieces (crRNAs) Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of Cas9 in CRISPR mechanism?

To cleave invading foreign DNA with the help of crRNA Signup and view all the answers

How does the CRISPR-Cas9 system exploit RNA-DNA interaction?

Through RNA-DNA base pairing Signup and view all the answers

What is the advantage of CRISPR-Cas9 system over ZFNs/TALENs?

It targets multiple genomic loci simultaneously Signup and view all the answers

What is the application of CRISPR-Cas9 system in gene therapy?

To introduce beneficial mutations Signup and view all the answers

What is the genetic disorder that can be treated using CRISPR-Cas9 system?

All of the above Signup and view all the answers

What is the principle behind CRISPR-Cas9 system for genome editing?

RNA-DNA base pairing Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of guide RNA (gRNA) in CRISPR-Cas9 system?

To interact with DNA and complex with Cas9 nuclease Signup and view all the answers

How does the CRISPR-Cas9 system differ from traditional gene editing techniques?