Biochemistry LE 5: Gene Transcription
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Questions and Answers

What is the base number that serves as the start point for transcription?

  • +1 (correct)
  • -5
  • -1
  • 0

    • What does the 5′-flanking region of the gene contain?

  • Exonic sequences
  • Untranscribed sequences (correct)
  • Intronic sequences
  • Coding sequences

    • What is the name of the primary transcript that contains both intronic and exonic sequences?

  • pre-mRNA
  • mRNA
  • hnRNA (correct)
  • immature RNA

    • What is the direction of numbering for nucleotides in the transcribed region of the gene?

    <p>From 5′-end to 3′-end</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of the σ factor in gene transcription?

    <p>To enable the binding of RNAP to promoter elements</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is added to the 5′-end of the RNA during modification?

    <p>Cap site</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the bacterial counterpart of the TATA box?

    <p>Pribnow box</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of exons in the transcribed region?

    <p>Regions that carry coding sequences</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where does RNA Polymerase I synthesize rRNA?

    <p>Nucleolus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the resulting RNA after introns are spliced out?

    <p>mRNA</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of the promoter region?

    <p>To recognize the start point for transcription</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the direction referred to as the sequences to the left of the start point?

    <p>Upstream</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is added to the 3′-end of the RNA during modification?

    <p>Poly(A) tail</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of RNA Polymerase II?

    <p>To synthesize mRNA and microRNA</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens after chain termination and RNAP release?

    <p>Another set of RNAP can bind to the DNA template</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens when there is recognition of promoter elements?

    <p>Transcription starts</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the location of RNA Polymerase III?

    <p>Nuclear cytoplasm</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the product of RNA Polymerase III?

    <p>tRNA and other small RNAs</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of RNase P?

    <p>To catalyze the cleavage reaction</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary difference between prokaryotic and eukaryotic rRNAs?

    <p>Their size and structure</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of a transcription termination signal?

    <p>To terminate transcription</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a cistron?

    <p>A region of DNA that encodes a single polypeptide chain</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a characteristic of polycistronic transcripts in bacteria?

    <p>They are translated as they are being transcribed</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of the 5' methyl cap in eukaryotic mRNA synthesis?

    <p>To protect the mRNA from degradation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of Rho-dependent termination?

    <p>To cause the release of the RNA transcript from the template</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the result of translating a polycistronic transcript?

    <p>Multiple proteins are produced</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a characteristic of eukaryotic mRNA synthesis?

    <p>The mRNA has a 5' methyl cap and a 3' poly(A) tail</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of Nef in the assembly of viral particles?

    <p>It aids in the assembly of viral particles indirectly</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of Pol?

    <p>It is a reverse transcriptase</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is unique about the proofreading activity of reverse transcriptase and RNA polymerase?

    <p>They have no proofreading activity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens to the viral particle after it binds to the receptor?

    <p>It fuses with the cell membrane</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the result of reverse transcription?

    <p>Double-stranded DNA</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the average number of base pairs in a haploid cell?

    <p>3 × 10^9</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What percentage of genes are unique?

    <p>64%</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Do eukaryotes have operons?

    <p>No</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does translation occur in prokaryotes?

    <p>Coupled with transcription</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the result of a viral infection of bacteria?

    <p>Parts of the viral DNA are inserted into the CRISPR regions of the bacterial genome</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How many chromosomes are present in a haploid eukaryotic cell?

    <p>23</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of the Tat protein in HIV?

    <p>It stimulates transcription of the viral DNA</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of the Rev protein in HIV?

    <p>It causes the viral RNA transcripts to leave the nucleus unspliced</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the result of reverse transcription in HIV?

    <p>A double-stranded DNA copy is produced</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the state of the HIV genome after integration into the host cell genome?

    <p>It is a provirus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of the envelope proteins in HIV?

    <p>They enter the cell membrane</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How are the viral core proteins synthesized in HIV?

    <p>They are synthesized as a polyprotein</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the result of the cleavage of the viral polyprotein in HIV?

    <p>The viral particles form and bud from the cell membrane</p> Signup and view all the answers

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