Gastro 2

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Which hormone stimulates secretion of gastric acid by the parietal cells of the stomach?

Insulin

Glucagon

Gastrin (correct)

Vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP)

What is the role of Enteric nervous system in gastric emptying?

Relaxes the pyloric sphincter

Regulates the passage from stomach to duodenum

Inhibits normal excitatory signals from Vagus nerve

Stimulates vigorous mixing of gastric juices (correct)

What triggers the release of histamine in the stomach?

Stimulation by HCL

High pH value above 5.0

Presence of meat or protein containing food

Vagal stimulation by acetylcholine (correct)

Which factor is necessary for Vitamin B12 absorption in the terminal ileum?

Intrinsic factor Signup and view all the answers

What does the Pyloric Sphincter primarily regulate?

Prevents backflow of chyme Signup and view all the answers

Which hormone is responsible for delaying or inhibiting stomach emptying?

Cholecystokinin (CCK) Signup and view all the answers

What is the male-to-female ratio for Pyloric stenosis?

3:1 Signup and view all the answers

Which condition is characterized by herniation of the stomach or other intra-abdominal structures?

Congenital Diaphragmatic Hernia Signup and view all the answers

Respiratory distress, cyanosis, and feeding intolerance are symptoms associated with which condition?

Pyloric stenosis Signup and view all the answers

Which risk factor is NOT associated with the pathogenesis of Gastritis?

Uremia Signup and view all the answers

What is a characteristic symptom of Acute Gastric Ulcers?

Superficial erosion Signup and view all the answers

What causes the hypertrophy of the smooth muscle of the pyloric sphincter in Pyloric stenosis?

Unknown etiology Signup and view all the answers

What is the main function of the stomach?

Storage of ingested food for digestion Signup and view all the answers

Which region of the stomach produces hydrochloric acid and intrinsic factor?

Fundus Signup and view all the answers

What enzyme is primarily responsible for breaking down proteins in the stomach?

Pepsinogen Signup and view all the answers

Which layer of the stomach possesses an additional layer of skeletal muscle?

Muscularis Signup and view all the answers

How does CO2 contribute to the production of hydrochloric acid (HCL) in the stomach?

It diffuses into parietal cells and combines with H2O to form H2CO3 Signup and view all the answers

What component is responsible for actively transporting H+ ions into the lumen of parietal cells in the stomach?

H+/K+ ATPase Signup and view all the answers

Which congenital anomaly is characterized by herniation of the stomach or other intra-abdominal structures?

Congenital Diaphragmatic Hernia Signup and view all the answers

What is the male-to-female ratio for Pyloric stenosis?

3:1 Signup and view all the answers

Which condition presents with symptoms like respiratory distress, cyanosis, and feeding intolerance?

Congenital Diaphragmatic Hernia Signup and view all the answers

What is the common pathogenesis factor associated with Acute Gastric Ulcers?

H. Pylori infection Signup and view all the answers

In which condition does hypertrophy of smooth muscle of the pyloric sphincter occur?

Pyloric stenosis Signup and view all the answers

What feature distinguishes Acute Gastric Ulcers from Chronic Gastritis?

Superficial mucosal inflammation Signup and view all the answers

What is the main difference in the pathogenesis of Menétrier disease compared to Zollinger-Ellison syndrome?

Surface mucosal cell hyperplasia in Menétrier disease vs. excessive Gastrin secretion in Zollinger-Ellison syndrome Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following malignant tumors accounts for the highest percentage of all cancer deaths?

Adenocarcinoma Signup and view all the answers

What are the common signs and symptoms of gastric cancer that may lead to misdiagnosis with gastric carcinoma?

Weight loss and palpable enlarged stomach Signup and view all the answers

In the context of gastric tumors, which type predominantly presents as exophytic, depressed, or excavated gross appearances?

Adenocarcinomas Signup and view all the answers

Which symptom is characteristic of Acute Gastric Ulcers and can lead to anemia?

Melena Signup and view all the answers

What distinguishes Peptic Ulcer Disease from Congenital Diaphragmatic Hernia in terms of symptomatology?

Palpable enlarged stomach in Peptic Ulcer Disease vs. respiratory distress in Congenital Diaphragmatic Hernia Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a common complication of Peptic Ulcer Disease?

Bowel perforation Signup and view all the answers

What is the recommended primary therapy for Helicobacter pylori infection in the United States?

Proton pump inhibitor-based triple therapies Signup and view all the answers

Which condition is characterized by erosion and mucosal breach extending up to or deeper than the submucosa?

Peptic Ulcer Disease Signup and view all the answers

What is a potential cause of Acute Gastric Ulcers?

CNS trauma or surgery Signup and view all the answers

In Peptic Ulcer Disease, what is the most common complication that may be life-threatening?

Bowel perforation Signup and view all the answers

Which group of conditions is characterized by giant 'cerebriform' rugal folds?

Hypertrophic Gastropathy Signup and view all the answers

Gastro 2

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Questions and Answers

Which hormone stimulates secretion of gastric acid by the parietal cells of the stomach?

What is the role of Enteric nervous system in gastric emptying?

What triggers the release of histamine in the stomach?

Which factor is necessary for Vitamin B12 absorption in the terminal ileum?

What does the Pyloric Sphincter primarily regulate?

Which hormone is responsible for delaying or inhibiting stomach emptying?

What is the male-to-female ratio for Pyloric stenosis?

Which condition is characterized by herniation of the stomach or other intra-abdominal structures?

Respiratory distress, cyanosis, and feeding intolerance are symptoms associated with which condition?

Which risk factor is NOT associated with the pathogenesis of Gastritis?

What is a characteristic symptom of Acute Gastric Ulcers?

What causes the hypertrophy of the smooth muscle of the pyloric sphincter in Pyloric stenosis?

What is the main function of the stomach?

Which region of the stomach produces hydrochloric acid and intrinsic factor?

What enzyme is primarily responsible for breaking down proteins in the stomach?

Which layer of the stomach possesses an additional layer of skeletal muscle?

How does CO2 contribute to the production of hydrochloric acid (HCL) in the stomach?

What component is responsible for actively transporting H+ ions into the lumen of parietal cells in the stomach?

Which congenital anomaly is characterized by herniation of the stomach or other intra-abdominal structures?

What is the male-to-female ratio for Pyloric stenosis?

Which condition presents with symptoms like respiratory distress, cyanosis, and feeding intolerance?

What is the common pathogenesis factor associated with Acute Gastric Ulcers?

In which condition does hypertrophy of smooth muscle of the pyloric sphincter occur?

What feature distinguishes Acute Gastric Ulcers from Chronic Gastritis?

What is the main difference in the pathogenesis of Menétrier disease compared to Zollinger-Ellison syndrome?

Which of the following malignant tumors accounts for the highest percentage of all cancer deaths?

What are the common signs and symptoms of gastric cancer that may lead to misdiagnosis with gastric carcinoma?

In the context of gastric tumors, which type predominantly presents as exophytic, depressed, or excavated gross appearances?

Which symptom is characteristic of Acute Gastric Ulcers and can lead to anemia?

What distinguishes Peptic Ulcer Disease from Congenital Diaphragmatic Hernia in terms of symptomatology?

Which of the following is a common complication of Peptic Ulcer Disease?

What is the recommended primary therapy for Helicobacter pylori infection in the United States?

Which condition is characterized by erosion and mucosal breach extending up to or deeper than the submucosa?

What is a potential cause of Acute Gastric Ulcers?

In Peptic Ulcer Disease, what is the most common complication that may be life-threatening?

Which group of conditions is characterized by giant 'cerebriform' rugal folds?

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