Gastrointestinal Tract Structure Quiz

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Questions and Answers

Which layer of the GI tract is responsible for absorption and secretion?

Mucosa (correct)

Submucosa

Serosa

Muscularis

What is the function of the submucosa in the GI tract?

Includes glands, nerves, and blood supply (correct)

Creates the peristaltic wave

Enables movement of substances lengthwise

Composed of a mucous membrane

Which layer of the GI tract enables the movement of substances lengthwise?

Submucosa

Muscularis (correct)

Serosa

Mucosa

What is the outermost layer of the GI tract called?

Serosa Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the stomach?

To churn and mix the bolus with the acid environment of the stomach Signup and view all the answers

What is the pH of the stomach?

pH 2 Signup and view all the answers

What do the chief cells in the stomach secrete?

Pepsinogen and gastric lipase Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of hydrochloric acid in the stomach?

To activate pepsin and kill microbes Signup and view all the answers

What initiates small mixing waves in the stomach?

Acidic environment Signup and view all the answers

Which phase of gastric digestion involves the production of gastrin?

Gastric phase Signup and view all the answers

Which part of the digestive system begins at the oral cavity and ends at the anus?

GI tract Signup and view all the answers

What are the major accessory organs of the digestive system?

Pancreas, liver, gallbladder. Signup and view all the answers

What is the process in which food is broken down by both mechanical and chemical processes?

Digestion Signup and view all the answers

Which layer of the GI tract is composed of a mucous membrane and is responsible for absorption and secretion?

Mucosa Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the epithelial cells lining the GI tract?

Absorbing digested food molecules Signup and view all the answers

What happens to substances that are not digested or absorbed in the GI tract?

They are passed along to the anus and leave the body Signup and view all the answers

Which organ stores bile?

Gallbladder Signup and view all the answers

Where does mechanical digestion mainly occur?

Mouth Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of bile in fat digestion?

To increase the surface area of fats Signup and view all the answers

What is the last portion of the colon called?

Sigmoid colon Signup and view all the answers

What is the overall function of the large intestine?

To absorb water and dissolved minerals Signup and view all the answers

What are enzymes and how do they work?

Enzymes are proteins that work best under specific conditions and catalyze specific reactions Signup and view all the answers

What are the three phases of digestion that occur in the stomach?

Cephalic, gastric, and intestinal Signup and view all the answers

What are the two hormones released in response to chyme containing glucose and fatty acids in the small intestine?

Cholecystokinin (CCK) and secretin Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of cholecystokinin (CCK) in the digestive system?

Inhibits stomach emptying Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of secretin in the digestive system?

Decreases gastric secretions Signup and view all the answers

Which organ is responsible for producing and secreting digestive enzymes into the small intestine?

Pancreas Signup and view all the answers

What is the main function of the liver in the digestive system?

Production of bile Signup and view all the answers

Which layer of the GI tract is responsible for the movement of substances lengthwise?

Muscularis Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the submandibular glands?

Produce thicker, ropey saliva Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a function of saliva?

Begin chemical digestion of lipids Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of the uvula during swallowing?

Cover the nasal opening Signup and view all the answers

Which sphincter muscle marks the lower end of the stomach?

Pyloric sphincter Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the tongue during digestion?

Create a rough texture to help move food into position Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Layers of the GI Tract

The mucosa layer is responsible for absorption and secretion in the GI tract.
The submucosa layer provides a connective tissue layer that supports the mucosa layer.
The muscularis layer enables the movement of substances lengthwise in the GI tract.
The outermost layer of the GI tract is called the serosa.

Stomach Function

The stomach is responsible for mechanical and chemical digestion of food.
The stomach has a pH of 1.5-3.5, which is acidic.
Chief cells in the stomach secrete pepsinogen, which is converted to pepsin in the presence of hydrochloric acid.
Hydrochloric acid in the stomach denatures proteins and activates pepsinogen.
Gastric mixing waves are initiated by the contraction of the stomach muscles.

Phases of Gastric Digestion

The cephalic phase of gastric digestion involves the production of gastrin in response to the sight, smell, and taste of food.

Digestive System

The digestive system begins at the oral cavity and ends at the anus.
The major accessory organs of the digestive system are the liver, gallbladder, pancreas, and salivary glands.
Digestion is the process in which food is broken down by both mechanical and chemical processes.

Functions of GI Tract Layers

The epithelial cells lining the GI tract are responsible for absorption and secretion.
The mucosa layer of the GI tract is composed of a mucous membrane and is responsible for absorption and secretion.
Substances that are not digested or absorbed in the GI tract are eliminated from the body through the anus.

Bile and Pancreas

The liver stores bile, which is released into the small intestine to facilitate fat digestion.
Mechanical digestion mainly occurs in the mouth and stomach.
Bile emulsifies fats, making them more accessible to enzymes.

Large Intestine

The last portion of the colon is called the rectum.
The overall function of the large intestine is to absorb water and electrolytes and store feces until elimination.

Enzymes and Hormones

Enzymes are biological molecules that speed up chemical reactions in the body.
Enzymes break down complex nutrients into simpler molecules that can be absorbed by the body.
The three phases of digestion that occur in the stomach are the cephalic, gastric, and intestinal phases.
The two hormones released in response to chyme containing glucose and fatty acids in the small intestine are secretin and cholecystokinin (CCK).
Cholecystokinin (CCK) stimulates the release of bile and digestive enzymes from the pancreas and gallbladder.
Secretin stimulates the release of bicarbonate-rich pancreatic juices to neutralize acidic chyme.

Salivary Glands and Tongue

The submandibular glands produce saliva that moistens food and breaks down carbohydrates.
Saliva does not aid in the absorption of nutrients.
The uvula aids in swallowing by directing food into the esophagus.
The lower esophageal sphincter marks the lower end of the esophagus and upper end of the stomach.
The tongue mixes food with saliva and forms a bolus during digestion.

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Description

Test your knowledge on the structure of the gastrointestinal tract with this informative quiz. Explore the different layers, their functions, and how they contribute to absorption and secretion.