Fundamentals of Management: Chapter 2 Quiz
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Most Editors have had little ______ training. We got our jobs because we are good at something else – reporting – copy editing – photography. Then one day we become managers and we’re asked to master an entirely different discipline ……. Edward D. Miller – Newsroom Leadership Group So what does ______ mean. “ It is the process of achieving organizational goal through people” In more details: “It is the process of planning, organizing, influencing and controlling to accomplish organizational goals through the coordinated use of human and material resources” ⦿ Evolution of ______ thought: Different schools of ______ started by the 20th century. It was necessitated by the emergence of large business organizations However ______ is not a modern practice, the Egyptians built huge pyramids; the Romans constructed roads; and the Chinese built a 1500 mile wall.

management

It is the process of achieving organizational goal through ______

people

It is the process of planning, organizing, influencing and controlling to accomplish organizational goals through the coordinated use of ______ and material resources

human

Different schools of ______ started by the 20th century

<p>management</p> Signup and view all the answers

The classical school embraces three separate but related approaches to ______

<p>management</p> Signup and view all the answers

The classical school focused on increasing employee productivity and focused on four basic principles: Systematic analysis of each job to find the most effective and efficient way of performing it, Use a scientific method to select the employees best suited to do the job, Appropriate employee training and education, Responsibility allocated almost equally between managers and workers with the decision making in the hands of ______

<p>managers</p> Signup and view all the answers

The person associated mostly with scientific management is Fredrick W. Taylor, a mechanical engineer. Taylor believed that economic incentives were the best motivators; workers would cooperate if higher wages accompanied higher ______

<p>productivity</p> Signup and view all the answers

The person associated with administrative management is the French Henry Fayol. Instead of focusing on workers and ways to improve their productivity, Fayol considered the total organization with a view to make it more effective and efficient. He was the first person to set the functions of management and called them managerial activities. These included: Planning, ______, Commanding, Coordinating, Controlling

<p>Organizing</p> Signup and view all the answers

The German sociologist Max Weber worked on the kind of structure that would enable the organization to perform at the highest efficiency. For him elements of success included; Division of labor, A clearly defined hierarchy of authority, Selection of members on the basis of their technical qualifications, Promotions based on seniority or achievements, Strict and systematic discipline and control, Separation of ownership and ______

<p>management</p> Signup and view all the answers

The behavioral approach focuses on the human relations. “As employees work towards the accomplishment of the organization’s objectives, they have to be able to satisfy their own ______”

<p>needs</p> Signup and view all the answers

The classical school embraces three separate but related approaches to ______

<p>management</p> Signup and view all the answers

The person associated mostly with scientific management is Fredrick W. Taylor, a mechanical engineer. Taylor believed that economic incentives were the best motivators; workers would cooperate if higher wages accompanied higher ______

<p>productivity</p> Signup and view all the answers

The behavioral approach focuses on the human relations. “As employees work towards the accomplishment of the organization’s objectives, they have to be able to satisfy their own ______”

<p>needs</p> Signup and view all the answers

The German sociologist Max Weber worked on the kind of structure that would enable the organization to perform at the highest efficiency. For him elements of success included; Division of labor, A clearly defined hierarchy of authority, Selection of members on the basis of their technical qualifications, Promotions based on seniority or achievements, Strict and systematic discipline and control, Separation of ownership and ______

<p>control</p> Signup and view all the answers

The classical school embraces three separate but related approaches to ______

<p>management</p> Signup and view all the answers

The person associated mostly with scientific management is Fredrick W. Taylor, a mechanical engineer. Taylor believed that economic incentives were the best motivators; workers would cooperate if higher wages accompanied higher ______

<p>productivity</p> Signup and view all the answers

Different schools of ______ started by the 20th century

<p>management</p> Signup and view all the answers

Most Editors have had little ______ training. We got our jobs because we are good at something else – reporting – copy editing – photography. Then one day we become managers and we’re asked to master an entirely different discipline ……. Edward D. Miller – Newsroom Leadership Group So what does ______ mean.

<p>management</p> Signup and view all the answers

Evolution of ______ thought: Different schools of ______ started by the 20th century. It was necessitated by the emergence of large business organizations However ______ is not a modern practice, the Egyptians built huge pyramids; the Romans constructed roads; and the Chinese built a 1500 mile wall.

<p>management</p> Signup and view all the answers

It is the process of achieving organizational goal through ______

<p>people</p> Signup and view all the answers

It is the process of planning, organizing, influencing and controlling to accomplish organizational goals through the coordinated use of ______ and material resources

<p>human</p> Signup and view all the answers

The person associated with administrative management is the French Henry Fayol. Instead of focusing on workers and ways to improve their productivity, Fayol considered the total organization with a view to make it more effective and efficient. He was the first person to set the functions of management and called them managerial activities. These included: Planning, ______, Commanding, Coordinating, Controlling

<p>organizing</p> Signup and view all the answers

The behavioral approach focuses on the human relations. “As employees work towards the accomplishment of the organization’s objectives, they have to be able to satisfy their own ______

<p>needs</p> Signup and view all the answers

Scientific management focused on increasing employee productivity and focused on four basic principles: Systematic analysis of each job to find the most effective and efficient way of performing it, Use a scientific method to select the employees best suited to do the job, Appropriate employee training and education, Responsibility allocated almost equally between managers and workers with the decision making in the hands of ______

<p>managers</p> Signup and view all the answers

The German sociologist Max Weber worked on the kind of structure that would enable the organization to perform at the highest efficiency. For him elements of success included; Division of labor, A clearly defined hierarchy of authority, Selection of members on the basis of their technical qualifications, Promotions based on seniority or achievements, Strict and systematic discipline and control, Separation of ownership and ______

<p>management</p> Signup and view all the answers

It is the process of achieving organizational goal through ______

<p>people</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Management

The process of achieving an organization's goals by efficiently using its resources (people, materials, finances).

Key Management Functions

The actions that managers perform to achieve organizational goals: planning, organizing, influencing, and controlling.

Classical Management Approach

A school of management thought that emerged in the early 20th century, focusing on improving employee productivity.

Systematic Job Analysis

The practice of systematically analyzing jobs to identify the most efficient work methods. (Part of Classical Management Approach)

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Scientific Selection of Employees

The process of selecting employees based on their suitability for specific jobs. (Part of Classical Management Approach)

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Training and Education for Employees

The process of providing employees with the training and education they need to perform their jobs well. (Part of Classical Management Approach)

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Shared Responsibility and Decision-Making

The principle of assigning responsibility to both managers and workers, while managers retain decision-making authority. (Part of Classical Management Approach)

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Frederick W. Taylor

A key contributor to Classical Management thought known for his emphasis on optimizing individual tasks for maximum productivity.

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Economic Incentives as Motivators

Taylor's theory that economic incentives (higher wages) motivate employees to increase productivity.

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Henri Fayol

A key contributor to Classical Management thought who emphasized the importance of overall organizational effectiveness.

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Fayol's Managerial Activities

Fayol's five key managerial activities: Planning, Organizing, Commanding, Coordinating, and Controlling.

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Max Weber

A key contributor to Classical Management thought known for his ideas on organizational structure and efficiency.

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Division of Labor

Weber's principle of dividing work into specialized tasks to improve efficiency.

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Hierarchy of Authority

Weber's principle that establishes clear lines of authority within an organization.

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Selection Based on Qualifications

Weber's principle of selecting employees based on their skills and qualifications.

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Promotions Based on Merit

Weber's principle that promotions are based on seniority or achievements.

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Discipline and Control

Weber's principle of maintaining strict discipline and control within an organization.

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Separation of Ownership and Management

Weber's principle separating ownership of an organization from the management functions.

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Behavioral Management Approach

A school of management thought that emphasizes the importance of human relationships and employee fulfillment.

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Employee Needs and Fulfillment

The idea that happy and fulfilled employees are more productive and contribute more to organizational goals.

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Importance of Management in Today's World

Management is essential for achieving organizational goals, and understanding the evolution of management helps us adapt to modern challenges.

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What is Management?

Management is the process of coordinating human and material resources to achieve organizational objectives.

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Study Notes

Management and Organizational Goals

  • Management is the process of achieving organizational goals through the coordinated use of human and material resources.
  • Key functions of management include planning, organizing, influencing, and controlling.

Historical Perspective

  • Different schools of management thought emerged by the 20th century due to the rise of large business organizations.
  • Although management is viewed as modern, ancient civilizations like the Egyptians, Romans, and Chinese practiced organization through large-scale projects, such as pyramids, roads, and the Great Wall.

Classical Management Approaches

  • The classical school of management features three interconnected approaches focused on improving employee productivity.
  • Four basic principles:
    • Systematic job analysis to identify efficient work methods.
    • Scientific selection of the most suitable employees.
    • Appropriate training and education for employees.
    • Shared responsibility between managers and workers, with decision-making authority primarily in the hands of managers.

Key Contributors to Management Thought

  • Frederick W. Taylor:

    • Known for scientific management.
    • Advocated that economic incentives are crucial motivators, encouraging cooperation through higher wages tied to increased productivity.
  • Henri Fayol:

    • Associated with administrative management, focusing on total organizational effectiveness rather than just individual productivity.
    • Defined key managerial activities: Planning, Organizing, Commanding, Coordinating, and Controlling.
  • Max Weber:

    • Developed theories on organizational structure for optimal efficiency.
    • Success factors include:
      • Division of labor.
      • Clearly defined hierarchy of authority.
      • Selection based on technical qualifications.
      • Promotions based on seniority or achievements.
      • Strict discipline and control.
      • Separation of ownership from managerial functions.

Behavioral Approach

  • Concentrates on human relations within organizations.
  • Emphasizes the importance of employees fulfilling their personal needs while working towards organizational objectives.

Summary of Key Concepts

  • Management is essential for achieving organizational goals through strategic use of resources.
  • Historical practices have shaped modern management theories, emphasizing both productivity and employee welfare.
  • Understanding the evolution of management thought helps in grasping contemporary practices and challenges in organizational management.

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Description

Test your understanding of Chapter 2 on Management & Different Schools, which discusses the challenges and essence of management. Explore key concepts such as achieving organizational goals through people and the transition from individual contributor to manager.

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