Fries' The Structure of English Quiz
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Questions and Answers

Who wrote the first English grammar?

  • William Bullokar (correct)
  • John Smith
  • William Lily
  • Unknown author

    • What was the main focus of grammatical study in English until the 17th century?

  • Greek
  • Old English
  • Latin (correct)
  • French

    • Which Latin grammar book was important for the development of English grammar?

  • John Smith's Latin Grammar
  • William Bullokar's Latin Grammar
  • William Lily's Latin Grammar (correct)
  • Unknown Latin Grammar

    • How many cases of nouns were there in William Bullokar's grammar?

    <p>5</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which period in the history of English grammars is considered the age of prescientific grammar?

    <p>Beginning with the end of the 16th century till about 1900</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What made the structure of English different from that of Latin, as noticed by early grammarians?

    <p>English had fewer cases for nouns compared to Latin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of grammar succeeded the prenormative grammars of English in the history of English grammar?

    <p>Prescriptive (normative) grammar</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Who wrote the influential work 'Short Introduction to English Grammar' in 1762?

    <p>R. Lowth</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was one of the main ideas put forward by Ferdinand de Saussure regarding language?

    <p>Language is a system of signals interconnected and interdependent.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which linguist made significant contributions to scientific English grammar?

    <p>Z. S. Harris</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What marked the beginning of the age of scientific grammar in the history of English grammars?

    <p>The publication of H. Sweet’s 'A New English Grammar' in 1892</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which trend gained popularity since the 1980s in the field of English grammar?

    <p>Communicative grammar</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the linguistic sign reflect according to the text?

    <p>Objects, events, situations of the outside world</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which linguistic school developed a technique for determining the units of the phonological level of language?

    <p>Prague School</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the main contribution of the Copenhagen School to modern linguistics?

    <p>Glossematics</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Who proposed new principles for describing language structures and published the fundamental work 'Language'?

    <p>L. Bloomfield</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What did L. Bloomfield understand language as?

    <p>A system of signals for communication</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What must be determined for a sentence to have a grammatical meaning?

    <p>The choice of its word constituents</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term used to show that the absence of a morpheme indicates a certain grammatical meaning?

    <p>Zero-morpheme</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which term refers to the smallest meaningful units into which a word-form may be divided?

    <p>Morpheme</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In Modern English, what type of word-form derivation implies changes in the body of the word without any auxiliary words?

    <p>Synthetic types</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the common part within a word-cluster and the lexical center of the word called?

    <p>Stem</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of morphemes have no lexical meaning and only carry grammatical meaning?

    <p>Inflectional morphemes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term used to refer to all the representations of a given morpheme, i.e., the morpheme phonetic variants?

    <p>Allomorphs</p> Signup and view all the answers

    According to Fries, what signals the structural meaning of a sentence and its parts?

    <p>The morphemes and positions of words</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which method gave rise to Transformational Grammar according to the text?

    <p>Distributional method and the IC-method</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the two levels of syntactic structure stipulated by Transformational-Generative Grammar?

    <p>Deep structure and surface structure</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main contribution of American Descriptive School to modern linguistics?

    <p>Techniques of linguistic analysis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the system of language include according to the text?

    <p>Morphemes, words, word-groups, sentences</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does morphology treat according to the text?

    <p>The forms of words</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is suppletive formation in word building?

    <p>A way of building a form of a word from an altogether different stem</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In the traditional classification, how many parts of speech were there in English?

    <p>Eight</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main problem with the traditional classification of parts of speech?

    <p>Some grammatical phenomena have intermediary features in this system</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which part of speech is characterized by the categorical meaning of 'thingness' and changeable forms of number and case?

    <p>Noun</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What do adjectives express?

    <p>Properties of objects</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which part of speech is characterized by the categorial meaning of process and has changeable forms of person, number, tense, aspect, voice, and mood?

    <p>Verb</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What do adverbs have the categorical meaning of?

    <p>Secondary property</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of word points to things and properties without naming them?

    <p>Pronoun</p> Signup and view all the answers

    'Hybrids' in English are a specific group related to which part of speech?

    <p>'Quantifiers'</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main issue with postpositions as a separate functional class?

    <p>They are prepositions and adverbs in a specific lexical modifying function.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main contribution of Transformational-Generative Grammar to modern linguistics?

    <p>Transformational rules for converting one structure into another</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a deep structure in Transformational-Generative Grammar?

    <p>An abstract underlying structure holding all syntactic information</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What did R. B. Lees reduce the number of basic structures to?

    <p>N is N/A</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the grammatical system in a language include according to the text?

    <p>Morphology and syntax</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are immediate constituents in linguistic analysis?

    <p>Linguistic elements entering into any meaningful combination</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the main focus of grammatical study in English until the 17th century?

    <p>Morphological analysis of English words</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which Latin grammar book was important for the development of English grammar?

    <p>W. Bullokar’s 'Bref Grammar for English'</p> Signup and view all the answers

    'Hybrids' in English are a specific group related to which part of speech?

    <p>Nouns</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What made the structure of English different from that of Latin, as noticed by early grammarians?

    <p>Lack of inflectional endings</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was one of the main ideas put forward by Ferdinand de Saussure regarding language?

    <p>Language as a system of signals interconnected and interdependent</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the paradigmatic aspect of language according to the text?

    <p>The system of language</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the bilateral nature of the linguistic sign referred to in the text?

    <p>It has both form and meaning</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main contribution of the Prague School to modern linguistics?

    <p>Creation of Functional Linguistics</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What did L. Hjelmslev seek to develop with Glossematics?

    <p>A linguistic calculus to serve linguistics</p> Signup and view all the answers

    According to L. Bloomfield, how were linguistic forms to be described?

    <p>Based on their position and their co-occurrence in sentences</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Who is considered to have written the precursor of the earliest English grammars?

    <p>William Lily</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term used to refer to the smallest meaningful units into which a word-form may be divided?

    <p>Morpheme</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Who wrote the influential work 'Short Introduction to English Grammar' in 1762?

    <p>Robert Lowth</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term used to refer to the smallest meaningful units into which a word-form may be divided?

    <p>Morpheme</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which linguistic unit is included in a set of connections based on different properties?

    <p>Word</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was one of the main ideas put forward by Ferdinand de Saussure regarding language?

    <p>Linguistic sign and its components</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the phonetic identity of the stem with the root morpheme a characteristic feature of?

    <p>Modern English word structure</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main problem with the traditional classification of parts of speech?

    <p>Inconsistency in categorization</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In Modern English, what type of word-form derivation implies changes in the body of the word without any auxiliary words?

    <p>Synthetic type</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the term 'zero-morpheme' indicate according to the text?

    <p>The absence of a morpheme indicating a certain grammatical meaning</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which scholar is notable for the development of the three-criteria characterization of the parts of speech?

    <p>A. I. Smirnitsky</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which linguistic school developed a technique for determining the units of the phonological level of language?

    <p>Prague School</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main problem with the traditional classification of parts of speech?

    <p>Intermediary features of some grammatical phenomena</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What did L. Bloomfield understand language as?

    <p>A system of arbitrary vocal symbols</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does morphology treat according to the text?

    <p>The process by which words are formed and applied in sentences</p> Signup and view all the answers

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