70 Questions
Who wrote the first English grammar?
William Bullokar
What was the main focus of grammatical study in English until the 17th century?
Latin
Which Latin grammar book was important for the development of English grammar?
William Lily's Latin Grammar
How many cases of nouns were there in William Bullokar's grammar?
5
Which period in the history of English grammars is considered the age of prescientific grammar?
Beginning with the end of the 16th century till about 1900
What made the structure of English different from that of Latin, as noticed by early grammarians?
English had fewer cases for nouns compared to Latin
Which type of grammar succeeded the prenormative grammars of English in the history of English grammar?
Prescriptive (normative) grammar
Who wrote the influential work 'Short Introduction to English Grammar' in 1762?
R. Lowth
What was one of the main ideas put forward by Ferdinand de Saussure regarding language?
Language is a system of signals interconnected and interdependent.
Which linguist made significant contributions to scientific English grammar?
Z. S. Harris
What marked the beginning of the age of scientific grammar in the history of English grammars?
The publication of H. Sweet’s 'A New English Grammar' in 1892
Which trend gained popularity since the 1980s in the field of English grammar?
Communicative grammar
What does the linguistic sign reflect according to the text?
Objects, events, situations of the outside world
Which linguistic school developed a technique for determining the units of the phonological level of language?
Prague School
What was the main contribution of the Copenhagen School to modern linguistics?
Glossematics
Who proposed new principles for describing language structures and published the fundamental work 'Language'?
L. Bloomfield
What did L. Bloomfield understand language as?
A system of signals for communication
What must be determined for a sentence to have a grammatical meaning?
The choice of its word constituents
What is the term used to show that the absence of a morpheme indicates a certain grammatical meaning?
Zero-morpheme
Which term refers to the smallest meaningful units into which a word-form may be divided?
Morpheme
In Modern English, what type of word-form derivation implies changes in the body of the word without any auxiliary words?
Synthetic types
What is the common part within a word-cluster and the lexical center of the word called?
Stem
Which type of morphemes have no lexical meaning and only carry grammatical meaning?
Inflectional morphemes
What is the term used to refer to all the representations of a given morpheme, i.e., the morpheme phonetic variants?
Allomorphs
According to Fries, what signals the structural meaning of a sentence and its parts?
The morphemes and positions of words
Which method gave rise to Transformational Grammar according to the text?
Distributional method and the IC-method
What are the two levels of syntactic structure stipulated by Transformational-Generative Grammar?
Deep structure and surface structure
What is the main contribution of American Descriptive School to modern linguistics?
Techniques of linguistic analysis
What does the system of language include according to the text?
Morphemes, words, word-groups, sentences
What does morphology treat according to the text?
The forms of words
What is suppletive formation in word building?
A way of building a form of a word from an altogether different stem
In the traditional classification, how many parts of speech were there in English?
Eight
What is the main problem with the traditional classification of parts of speech?
Some grammatical phenomena have intermediary features in this system
Which part of speech is characterized by the categorical meaning of 'thingness' and changeable forms of number and case?
Noun
What do adjectives express?
Properties of objects
Which part of speech is characterized by the categorial meaning of process and has changeable forms of person, number, tense, aspect, voice, and mood?
Verb
What do adverbs have the categorical meaning of?
Secondary property
Which type of word points to things and properties without naming them?
Pronoun
'Hybrids' in English are a specific group related to which part of speech?
'Quantifiers'
What is the main issue with postpositions as a separate functional class?
They are prepositions and adverbs in a specific lexical modifying function.
What is the main contribution of Transformational-Generative Grammar to modern linguistics?
Transformational rules for converting one structure into another
What is a deep structure in Transformational-Generative Grammar?
An abstract underlying structure holding all syntactic information
What did R. B. Lees reduce the number of basic structures to?
N is N/A
What does the grammatical system in a language include according to the text?
Morphology and syntax
What are immediate constituents in linguistic analysis?
Linguistic elements entering into any meaningful combination
What was the main focus of grammatical study in English until the 17th century?
Morphological analysis of English words
Which Latin grammar book was important for the development of English grammar?
W. Bullokar’s 'Bref Grammar for English'
'Hybrids' in English are a specific group related to which part of speech?
Nouns
What made the structure of English different from that of Latin, as noticed by early grammarians?
Lack of inflectional endings
What was one of the main ideas put forward by Ferdinand de Saussure regarding language?
Language as a system of signals interconnected and interdependent
What is the paradigmatic aspect of language according to the text?
The system of language
What is the bilateral nature of the linguistic sign referred to in the text?
It has both form and meaning
What is the main contribution of the Prague School to modern linguistics?
Creation of Functional Linguistics
What did L. Hjelmslev seek to develop with Glossematics?
A linguistic calculus to serve linguistics
According to L. Bloomfield, how were linguistic forms to be described?
Based on their position and their co-occurrence in sentences
Who is considered to have written the precursor of the earliest English grammars?
William Lily
What is the term used to refer to the smallest meaningful units into which a word-form may be divided?
Morpheme
Who wrote the influential work 'Short Introduction to English Grammar' in 1762?
Robert Lowth
What is the term used to refer to the smallest meaningful units into which a word-form may be divided?
Morpheme
Which linguistic unit is included in a set of connections based on different properties?
Word
What was one of the main ideas put forward by Ferdinand de Saussure regarding language?
Linguistic sign and its components
What is the phonetic identity of the stem with the root morpheme a characteristic feature of?
Modern English word structure
What is the main problem with the traditional classification of parts of speech?
Inconsistency in categorization
In Modern English, what type of word-form derivation implies changes in the body of the word without any auxiliary words?
Synthetic type
What does the term 'zero-morpheme' indicate according to the text?
The absence of a morpheme indicating a certain grammatical meaning
Which scholar is notable for the development of the three-criteria characterization of the parts of speech?
A. I. Smirnitsky
Which linguistic school developed a technique for determining the units of the phonological level of language?
Prague School
What is the main problem with the traditional classification of parts of speech?
Intermediary features of some grammatical phenomena
What did L. Bloomfield understand language as?
A system of arbitrary vocal symbols
What does morphology treat according to the text?
The process by which words are formed and applied in sentences
Test your understanding of Fries' concept of the structural meaning of sentences as explained in his book 'The Structure of English' (1957). Explore how classes of words, morphemes, and their positions contribute to the grammatical meaning of sentences.
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