40 Questions
Who wrote one of the most popular Latin grammars in English in the first half of the 16th century?
William Lily
Who wrote the first English grammar in 1585?
William Bullokar
How many cases of nouns were there in William Bullokar's grammar?
5 cases
When did the term 'grammar' in English start being applied to the study of Latin?
Until the 17th century
What was the precursor of the earliest English grammars?
Lily’s 'Latin Grammar'
In which period can the history of English grammars be divided?
The age of prescientific grammar
What are the two aspects of language mentioned in the text?
The system of language and speech
What does the linguistic sign consist of?
The linguistic sign consists of form and meaning.
Which linguistic schools further developed the ideas presented in the text?
The Prague School, the Copenhagen School, and the American School
Who were the key figures in the Prague School?
Mathesius, Trnka, Trubetzkoy, Jakobson, and others
What is the main contribution of the Prague School to modern linguistics?
The technique for determining the units of the phonological level of language
What is the fundamental work of L. Bloomfield mentioned in the text?
"Language"
What is the name of the grammar book written by Lindley Murray in New York?
English Grammar Adapted to the Different Classes of Learners
Who is the author of the grammar book 'A New English Grammar, Logical and Historical'?
H. Sweet
What type of grammar was developed in the 1950s and was popular for about 40 years?
Structural grammar
Who were the first linguists to speak of language as a system or a structure of smaller systems?
Beaudouin de Courtenay and Ferdinand de Saussure
What type of grammar has been gaining popularity since the 1980s and systematically relates grammatical structures to meanings, uses, and situations of communication?
Communicative grammar
What was the title of the influential grammar book written by R. Lowth and first published in 1762 in London?
Short Introduction to English Grammar
According to Fries in his book 'The Structure of English', what are the classes of words used in the sentence, their formal devices, and their positions responsible for?
Signaling the structural meaning of the sentence and its parts
What is the main contribution of the American Descriptive School to modern linguistics?
The development of the techniques of linguistic analysis, such as the Distributional method and the IC-method
What are the two levels of syntactic structure stipulated by Transformational-Generative Grammar developed by N. Chomsky?
Deep structure and surface structure
What are the three constituent parts of language?
The phonological system, the lexical system, the grammatical system
What are the three main branches of linguistics dealing with the main linguistic units?
Phonetics (phonology), lexicology, and grammar
What does morphology, as a part of grammar, treat?
The forms of words
What are the four main types of notional syntagmas identified in the sentence 'The small lady listened to me attentively'?
- Predicative syntagma — The lady listened; 2) Objective syntagma — listened to me; 3) Attributive syntagma — The small lady; 4) Adverbial syntagma — listened attentively
What is morphology a part of?
Grammar
What are the three main parts of the course of Modern English morphology?
- Essentials of morphology, 2) The system of parts of speech, 3) The study of each part of speech in terms of its grammatical categories and syntactic functions
What are the chief notions of morphology?
The grammatical category, the word, and the morpheme
What is the term used to show that the absence of a morpheme indicates a certain grammatical meaning?
Zero-exponent
What are the two types of word-form derivation in Modern English?
Synthetic types and analytical types
What is the categorial meaning of a noun?
thingness or substance
According to Aristotle, which three parts of speech did he distinguish?
nouns, verbs, and connectives
What are the two types of adjectives mentioned in the text?
qualitative and relative adjectives
What are the changeable forms of the verb?
person, number, tense, aspect, voice, and mood
What is the categorial meaning of adverbs?
secondary property
What is the only common feature that unites the different groups of English pronouns?
categorial meaning of indication (deixis)
What are the main parts of speech in English according to the traditional grammars?
noun, pronoun, adjective, verb, adverb, preposition, conjunction, interjection
What are the complete lists of notional and functional words mentioned in the modern classifications?
Notional words: nouns, adjectives, verbs, adverbs, pronouns, numerals; Functional words: prepositions, conjunctions, articles, particles, postpositions
What is the main problem with the traditional classification of parts of speech?
Some grammatical phenomena have intermediary features and make up a continuum
What specific group of words in English is mentioned as having features of pronouns, numerals, and adjectives?
quantifiers (e.g. many, much, little, few)
Test your understanding of Fries' concept about the structural meaning of sentences and their parts based on word classes, formal devices, and positions. The quiz includes questions related to illustrating the grammatical meaning through senseless words.
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