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Questions and Answers
What term describes the mental process that involves unconsciously blocking unacceptable thoughts or feelings?
What term describes the mental process that involves unconsciously blocking unacceptable thoughts or feelings?
Which level of mental life includes elements that are not currently conscious but can become so with some effort?
Which level of mental life includes elements that are not currently conscious but can become so with some effort?
Which defense mechanism involves attributing unacceptable thoughts or impulses to someone else?
Which defense mechanism involves attributing unacceptable thoughts or impulses to someone else?
According to Freud, which of the following processes is NOT part of his theory of psychoanalysis?
According to Freud, which of the following processes is NOT part of his theory of psychoanalysis?
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Which term describes the conscious mental reaction that opposes or contradicts an unacceptable impulse?
Which term describes the conscious mental reaction that opposes or contradicts an unacceptable impulse?
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What is the primary function of the Id according to Freud's view of human nature?
What is the primary function of the Id according to Freud's view of human nature?
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How does Patricia Churchland describe the relationship between the mind and the brain?
How does Patricia Churchland describe the relationship between the mind and the brain?
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What aspect of personality does the Superego represent in Freud's model?
What aspect of personality does the Superego represent in Freud's model?
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What does Merleau-Ponty emphasize as the primary site of knowing the world?
What does Merleau-Ponty emphasize as the primary site of knowing the world?
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According to Churchland, what does a normal brain facilitate?
According to Churchland, what does a normal brain facilitate?
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What is characteristic of a compromised brain according to Churchland?
What is characteristic of a compromised brain according to Churchland?
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What theory does Merleau-Ponty relate to human experience?
What theory does Merleau-Ponty relate to human experience?
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What do both Freud and the Churchlands focus on regarding human nature?
What do both Freud and the Churchlands focus on regarding human nature?
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What is the main principle of cultural relativism?
What is the main principle of cultural relativism?
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Which of the following best defines cultural determinism?
Which of the following best defines cultural determinism?
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In the context of culture, what do rituals typically represent?
In the context of culture, what do rituals typically represent?
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Which of the following is NOT considered a way culture can manifest itself?
Which of the following is NOT considered a way culture can manifest itself?
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What are values considered to be in a culture?
What are values considered to be in a culture?
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What is the primary focus of sociology as derived from the word 'sociologie'?
What is the primary focus of sociology as derived from the word 'sociologie'?
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At what stage do children begin to take on roles of significant people in their lives?
At what stage do children begin to take on roles of significant people in their lives?
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What characteristic is associated with the Game stage of social development?
What characteristic is associated with the Game stage of social development?
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Which philosopher coined the term sociology?
Which philosopher coined the term sociology?
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What is the primary development in the Preparatory stage of a child's socialization?
What is the primary development in the Preparatory stage of a child's socialization?
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What does the 'I' refer to in Mead's concept of the self?
What does the 'I' refer to in Mead's concept of the self?
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Which of the following stages indicates the presence of self in children?
Which of the following stages indicates the presence of self in children?
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What prominent themes did George Herbert Mead contribute to?
What prominent themes did George Herbert Mead contribute to?
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What does the term 'cultural lag' refer to?
What does the term 'cultural lag' refer to?
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Which component of culture involves tangible materials?
Which component of culture involves tangible materials?
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Which of the following is NOT one of the four subfields of anthropology?
Which of the following is NOT one of the four subfields of anthropology?
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What does cultural borrowing involve?
What does cultural borrowing involve?
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What is the primary focus of archaeology?
What is the primary focus of archaeology?
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Biological anthropologists have shown that humans tend to be:
Biological anthropologists have shown that humans tend to be:
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Which aspect does the cognitive component of culture primarily relate to?
Which aspect does the cognitive component of culture primarily relate to?
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What do archaeologists primarily study to understand human history?
What do archaeologists primarily study to understand human history?
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Study Notes
Unacceptable Thoughts or Feelings
- Defense mechanisms address unacceptable thoughts or feelings: repression, denial, projection, displacement, regression, sublimation, and reaction formation.
- Sigmund Freud, an Austrian neurologist, is a key figure in the development of psychoanalysis and the study of the unconscious mind.
- Freud identified three levels of mental life: unconscious (drives and instincts beyond awareness), preconscious (elements not currently conscious but can be), and conscious (current mental awareness).
- The mind consists of three parts: id (pleasure-seeking), ego (reality-oriented), and superego (moral standards).
- Eros represents life instincts, while Thanatos signifies death instincts.
Freud and Human Nature
- Freud emphasized that individuals are shaped by their past experiences as housed in the subconscious.
- Patricia and Paul Churchland argue that brain abnormalities lead to deviant thoughts and behaviors; a normal brain supports sociability.
Phenomenology and the Body
- Maurice Merleau-Ponty was a phenomenological philosopher focusing on the relationship between perception and human experience.
- He posited that the body is central to understanding the world, suggesting that phenomenology describes direct human experience without abstraction.
Philosophers Overview
- Notable philosophers included: Socrates, Plato, St. Augustine, René Descartes, John Locke, David Hume, Immanuel Kant, Sigmund Freud, Gilbert Ryle, Patricia and Paul Churchland, Maurice Merleau-Ponty, George Herbert Mead, Charles Horton Cooley, and Erving Goffman.
Sociology and Socialization
- Sociology, derived from the French term sociologie, studies human societies and social interactions.
- George Herbert Mead emphasized the importance of role-playing in children's socialization, transitioning through stages: preparatory (imitation), play (role-taking), and game (generalized others).
Social Behaviorism
- Mead’s concept of the self includes the "I" (initiation of social action) and "Me" (response to societal expectations).
Cultural Concepts
- Cultural lag occurs when material culture changes faster than non-material culture, affecting social norms and behaviors.
- Cultural borrowing refers to one society adopting elements from another culture.
Anthropology
- Four subfields of anthropology: Archaeology, Biological Anthropology, Linguistic Anthropology, and Cultural Anthropology.
Linguistic Anthropology
- This branch examines language's role in social life, promoting cultural relativism, which understands beliefs and practices within their cultural context.
Cultural Aspects
- Cultural symbols, heroes, rituals, and values construct identity and traditions, influencing individuals’ behaviors and societal cohesion.
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Description
Explore the various defense mechanisms proposed by Sigmund Freud, a foundational figure in psychology. This quiz will cover concepts like repression, denial, and projection among others, helping you understand how these mechanisms work within the unconscious mind. Test your knowledge on this essential topic in psychoanalysis.
