Freud's Defense Mechanisms in Psychology

Questions and Answers

What term describes the mental process that involves unconsciously blocking unacceptable thoughts or feelings?

Sublimation

Projection

Displacement

Repression (correct)

Which level of mental life includes elements that are not currently conscious but can become so with some effort?

Subconscious

Preconscious (correct)

Unconscious

Conscious

Which defense mechanism involves attributing unacceptable thoughts or impulses to someone else?

Denial

Regression

Reaction Formation

Projection (correct)

According to Freud, which of the following processes is NOT part of his theory of psychoanalysis?

Cognitive restructuring Signup and view all the answers

Which term describes the conscious mental reaction that opposes or contradicts an unacceptable impulse?

Reaction Formation Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the Id according to Freud's view of human nature?

To seek pleasure Signup and view all the answers

How does Patricia Churchland describe the relationship between the mind and the brain?

The mind cannot exist without the brain. Signup and view all the answers

What aspect of personality does the Superego represent in Freud's model?

Moral and idealistic principles Signup and view all the answers

What does Merleau-Ponty emphasize as the primary site of knowing the world?

The body Signup and view all the answers

According to Churchland, what does a normal brain facilitate?

Socially accepted behavior Signup and view all the answers

What is characteristic of a compromised brain according to Churchland?

It leads to aberrant behaviors. Signup and view all the answers

What theory does Merleau-Ponty relate to human experience?

Phenomenology Signup and view all the answers

What do both Freud and the Churchlands focus on regarding human nature?

The brain's impact on behavior and cognition Signup and view all the answers

What is the main principle of cultural relativism?

Beliefs and practices should be judged on a cultural basis. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best defines cultural determinism?

The concept that culture solely shapes a person's preferences and behaviors. Signup and view all the answers

In the context of culture, what do rituals typically represent?

Socially essential activities for a group's objectives. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT considered a way culture can manifest itself?

Myths Signup and view all the answers

What are values considered to be in a culture?

The core beliefs involving tendencies towards right and wrong. Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary focus of sociology as derived from the word 'sociologie'?

The study of human societies Signup and view all the answers

At what stage do children begin to take on roles of significant people in their lives?

Play stage Signup and view all the answers

What characteristic is associated with the Game stage of social development?

Generalized others Signup and view all the answers

Which philosopher coined the term sociology?

Isidore Auguste Comte Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary development in the Preparatory stage of a child's socialization?

Imitation Signup and view all the answers

What does the 'I' refer to in Mead's concept of the self?

The part of self that initiates action Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following stages indicates the presence of self in children?

Game stage Signup and view all the answers

What prominent themes did George Herbert Mead contribute to?

Social psychology and pragmatism Signup and view all the answers

What does the term 'cultural lag' refer to?

Changes in material culture occurring faster than changes in non-material culture. Signup and view all the answers

Which component of culture involves tangible materials?

Material Component Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT one of the four subfields of anthropology?

Psychological Anthropology Signup and view all the answers

What does cultural borrowing involve?

A society taking elements from another culture and integrating them into its own. Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary focus of archaeology?

Understanding human behavior through material remains from the past. Signup and view all the answers

Biological anthropologists have shown that humans tend to be:

More similar in biological characteristics than different. Signup and view all the answers

Which aspect does the cognitive component of culture primarily relate to?

Ideas, knowledge, and beliefs. Signup and view all the answers

What do archaeologists primarily study to understand human history?

Artifacts, architecture, and biofacts. Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Unacceptable Thoughts or Feelings

Defense mechanisms address unacceptable thoughts or feelings: repression, denial, projection, displacement, regression, sublimation, and reaction formation.
Sigmund Freud, an Austrian neurologist, is a key figure in the development of psychoanalysis and the study of the unconscious mind.
Freud identified three levels of mental life: unconscious (drives and instincts beyond awareness), preconscious (elements not currently conscious but can be), and conscious (current mental awareness).
The mind consists of three parts: id (pleasure-seeking), ego (reality-oriented), and superego (moral standards).
Eros represents life instincts, while Thanatos signifies death instincts.

Freud and Human Nature

Freud emphasized that individuals are shaped by their past experiences as housed in the subconscious.
Patricia and Paul Churchland argue that brain abnormalities lead to deviant thoughts and behaviors; a normal brain supports sociability.

Phenomenology and the Body

Maurice Merleau-Ponty was a phenomenological philosopher focusing on the relationship between perception and human experience.
He posited that the body is central to understanding the world, suggesting that phenomenology describes direct human experience without abstraction.

Philosophers Overview

Notable philosophers included: Socrates, Plato, St. Augustine, René Descartes, John Locke, David Hume, Immanuel Kant, Sigmund Freud, Gilbert Ryle, Patricia and Paul Churchland, Maurice Merleau-Ponty, George Herbert Mead, Charles Horton Cooley, and Erving Goffman.

Sociology and Socialization

Sociology, derived from the French term sociologie, studies human societies and social interactions.
George Herbert Mead emphasized the importance of role-playing in children's socialization, transitioning through stages: preparatory (imitation), play (role-taking), and game (generalized others).

Mead’s concept of the self includes the "I" (initiation of social action) and "Me" (response to societal expectations).

Cultural Concepts

Cultural lag occurs when material culture changes faster than non-material culture, affecting social norms and behaviors.
Cultural borrowing refers to one society adopting elements from another culture.

Anthropology

Four subfields of anthropology: Archaeology, Biological Anthropology, Linguistic Anthropology, and Cultural Anthropology.

Linguistic Anthropology

This branch examines language's role in social life, promoting cultural relativism, which understands beliefs and practices within their cultural context.

Cultural Aspects

Cultural symbols, heroes, rituals, and values construct identity and traditions, influencing individuals’ behaviors and societal cohesion.

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Description

Explore the various defense mechanisms proposed by Sigmund Freud, a foundational figure in psychology. This quiz will cover concepts like repression, denial, and projection among others, helping you understand how these mechanisms work within the unconscious mind. Test your knowledge on this essential topic in psychoanalysis.