Psychology Chapter: Freud's Psychoanalytic Theory
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Questions and Answers

What does the ID primarily operate on?

  • Social conformity
  • Reality principle
  • Moral guidance
  • Pleasure principle (correct)

At what age does the Superego begin to develop?

  • 5-6 years
  • 3-4 years
  • 1-2 years
  • 7-8 years (correct)

Which of the following is an example of repression as a defense mechanism?

  • A person redirects their frustration from work to their family.
  • An individual hides feelings of anger towards a friend. (correct)
  • A person blames their failures on external circumstances.
  • Someone accuses others of having feelings they themselves possess.

Which stage of Freud's psychosexual stages focuses on conflict resolution and can lead to fixation?

<p>Anal stage (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the Ego in Freud's model of the mind?

<p>To mediate between the ID and reality (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary conflict during the anal stage of development?

<p>Potty training struggles between parents and child (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which fixation might result from the oral stage of development?

<p>Overeating or nail-biting (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In which stage do children not experience sexual focus or conflict?

<p>Latency (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What aspect of personality development is emphasized by behaviorism according to John B. Watson?

<p>Observable behaviors and reinforcement (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What complex is associated with boys in the phallic stage?

<p>Oedipal complex (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a key resolution of the Elektra complex for girls?

<p>Identifying with the father (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In Erik Erikson’s developmental psychology, what is a critical issue faced during adolescence?

<p>Identity vs. role confusion (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What concept introduced by Carl Jung refers to shared images and thoughts from humanity's collective past?

<p>Collective unconscious (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the term 'self-concept' refer to?

<p>A person's belief about who they are and their unique capabilities (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT one of the 'Big 5' personality factors?

<p>Behavioral genetics (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does unconditional positive regard differ from conditional positive regard?

<p>Unconditional positive regard is given regardless of circumstances (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What role do twin studies play in behavioral genetics?

<p>They help compare genetic influences in identical and fraternal twins (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How much impact does genetics have on personality traits according to the studied data?

<p>70% (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is meant by 'response tendencies' in psychology?

<p>Reinforced behaviors that become stable patterns of responding (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does 'distinctiveness' refer to in modern definitions of personality?

<p>The uniqueness of traits displayed under stress or crisis (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does 'impression formation' involve?

<p>Creating lasting opinions about a person based on social interactions (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Unconscious mind

The part of the mind that contains hidden thoughts, feelings, and urges inaccessible to conscious awareness.

Conscious mind

The part of the mind that contains the current thoughts, feelings, and sensations of awareness.

Preconscious mind

Part of the mind where stored memories and feelings are accessible but not currently in conscious awareness.

ID

The part of the personality entirely driven by the pleasure principle, seeking immediate gratification of needs and desires.

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Ego

The part of the personality that operates on the reality principle, mediating between the id's demands and the external world.

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Superego

The part of the personality that represents internalized moral standards and ideals, often derived from parents and society.

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Defense Mechanism

Unconscious coping mechanisms that protect the ego from anxiety and guilt.

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Repression

A defense mechanism that pushes unwanted thoughts, feelings, or memories into the unconscious mind.

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Rationalization

Creating seemingly logical reasons to justify unacceptable behavior.

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Projection

Attributing one's own unacceptable thoughts or feelings to another person.

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Displacement

Redirecting anger or other negative emotions from a source of frustration to a less threatening target.

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Oral Stage (Freud)

Psychosexual stage (0-1 years) focused on oral gratification and conflict with feeding.

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Anal Stage

Psychosexual stage (1-3 years) centered on bowel movements and potty training conflicts.

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Phallic Stage (boy)

Psychosexual stage (3-5 years) where boys experience the Oedipus complex, focusing on genital stimulation and identification with the father.

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Phallic Stage (girl)

Psychosexual stage for girls (ages 3-5) characterized by the Electra complex, focusing on identifying with the mother.

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Latency Stage

Psychosexual stage (6 years to puberty) with no specific sexual focus due to same-sex interaction.

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Genital Stage

Psychosexual stage (puberty to adulthood) focused on relationships with the opposite sex.

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Personal Unconscious (Jung)

Part of the unconscious mind, encompassing individual experiences and repressed memories.

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Collective Unconscious (Jung)

Part of the unconscious mind containing universal archetypes, and shared experiences.

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Behavioral Perspective

Personality perspective emphasizing observation and measurement of behavior, rejecting stages.

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Skinner's Theory

Personality influenced by reinforcement history, shaping behaviors through rewards and punishment.

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Oedipus Complex

A Freudian concept of the psychosexual development of a boy, characterized by a desire for his mother and jealousy of his father.

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Elektra Complex

A psychoanalytic theory analogous to the Oedipus complex of boys, representing a girl's desire for her father and competitiveness toward her mother.

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Response Tendencies (RT)

Stable patterns of responding to situations through reinforcement.

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Humanistic Perspective

Focuses on human potential and emphasizes positive qualities. Proposes that people are optimistic by nature.

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Self-concept

A person's beliefs about themselves, their capabilities, and unique qualities.

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Self-esteem

A person's feelings about their worthiness and value.

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Positive Regard

Acceptance and love provided by significant others (like parents).

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Unconditional Positive Regard

Love and acceptance without conditions.

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Conditional Positive Regard

Love and acceptance given only under certain conditions.

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Traits

Stable characteristics of an individual.

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Big 5 Personality Factors

Five major dimensions of personality: Openness, Conscientiousness, Extraversion, Agreeableness, and Neuroticism.

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Behavioral Genetics

Study of how genetics influence behaviors and personality traits.

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Predisposition

Having a tendency towards a certain trait due to genetics.

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Twin Studies

Research comparing identical and fraternal twins to explore the effect of genetics and environment on traits.

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Impression Formation

Developing opinions or impressions about someone or something.

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Consistency (of traits)

Stability of traits or behaviors over time.

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Distinctiveness (of traits)

Unique qualities or behaviors that are noticeable, especially in stressful situations.

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Study Notes

Psychodynamic Perspective

  • Emphasizes unconscious processes, a dynamic struggle of opposing inner forces
  • Originated from Sigmund Freud's psychoanalytic theory

Freud's Psychoanalytic Theory

  • Levels of Awareness:
    • Conscious: Aware of
    • Preconscious: Accessible with effort
    • Unconscious: Deep, containing biological urges, wishes, desires (sex, aggression)
  • Structures of the Mind:
    • ID: Fully unconscious, operates on the pleasure principle (immediate gratification)
    • Ego: Conscious, operates on the reality principle (practicality)
    • Superego: Conscious and largely unconscious, moral guardian (morals - simplistic, black/white, good/bad)
    • Defense Mechanisms: Unconscious coping mechanisms to reduce anxiety and guilt:
      • Repression: Suppressing distressing thoughts and feelings
      • Rationalization: Creating false but believable excuses for bad behavior
      • Projection: Attributing one's own thoughts or feelings to someone else
      • Displacement: Taking out anger on a less threatening target
  • Psychosexual Stages: Five stages with different focuses (oral, anal, phallic, latency, genital), fixations can impact development if conflicts are not resolved
    • Oral (0-1): Focus on mouth; feeding (mother-baby conflict resolution)
    • Anal (1-3): Focus on bowel movements; potty training
    • Phallic (3-5): Focus on genitals; Oedipal & Electra complexes.

Other Theories

  • Erik Erikson: Developmental psychology
  • Alfred Adler: Inferiority complex
  • John B. Watson: Behaviorism

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Description

Explore the key concepts of Freud's Psychoanalytic Theory in this quiz. Delve into the levels of awareness, structures of the mind, and various defense mechanisms. Test your understanding of the psychodynamic perspective and its significance in psychology.

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