U7 Types of evidence
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Questions and Answers

What does Locard's Exchange Principle indicate about the evidence exchanged between a person and an object?

  • The extent of transfer is dependent on the intensity and nature of contact. (correct)
  • The exchanged materials are irrelevant to the investigation.
  • It confirms that the two entities have never been in contact.
  • The exchanged materials imply direct evidence of contact.

    • What is the primary distinction between direct evidence and circumstantial evidence?

  • Direct evidence includes firsthand observations, whereas circumstantial evidence implies a fact indirectly. (correct)
  • Direct evidence is always physical, while circumstantial evidence is always biological.
  • Circumstantial evidence is more reliable than direct evidence.
  • Direct evidence cannot be classified into further categories like circumstantial evidence.

    • Which of the following is an example of direct evidence?

  • An eyewitness account of a crime. (correct)
  • A piece of hair found at a crime scene.
  • Footprints leading away from the scene.
  • A forensic report on blood samples.

    • Which form of evidence is considered circumstantial?

    <p>A witness testifying about a suspect's whereabouts.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What types of evidence fall under the category of circumstantial evidence?

    <p>Any physical or biological evidence that implies a connection.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following best explains the role of evidence in forensic investigations?

    <p>Evidence can provide both direct and indirect information about cases.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What can be inferred from the principle established by Dr. Locard regarding cross-transfer of evidence?

    <p>The materials exchanged are often identifiable to the entities involved.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the significance of trace evidence in a forensic investigation?

    <p>Trace evidence can connect a suspect to a crime scene through minute materials.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How did Locard's establishment of the first forensics laboratory contribute to forensic science?

    <p>It established standardized techniques for collecting physical evidence.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Dr. Edmond Locard is often referred to as the Father of Forensics due to his development of the first forensic laboratory.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Locard’s Exchange Principle states that physical evidence is only transferred from objects to people, not vice versa.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Circumstantial evidence can directly prove a fact without implying it.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Forensic investigations rely heavily on the intensity, duration, and nature of contact between entities as proposed by Locard’s Exchange Principle.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Direct evidence includes forms such as signed ransom notes and eyewitness accounts.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the types of evidence with their definitions:

    <p>Direct evidence = Includes firsthand observations and proof Circumstantial evidence = Indirect evidence that implies a fact Physical evidence = Tangible items that indicate a fact Biological evidence = Evidence derived from living organisms</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the form of evidence with an example:

    <p>Eyewitness accounts = Testimony from a person who saw the crime Police dashboard video = Recording from a patrol car Signed ransom note = A note indicating a demand for money Toxicology report = Analysis of substances found in a person's body</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the key figures/concepts with their significance:

    <p>Dr. Edmond Locard = Established the first forensics laboratory Locard's Exchange Principle = Explains evidence transfer in contact Forensic Classification = Systematizes the types of evidence Trace evidence = Indicates contact between entities at a scene</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the descriptions with their corresponding evidence type:

    <p>Circumstantial physical evidence = Includes items like fibers or footprints Biological circumstantial evidence = Includes materials like hair or blood Direct observational evidence = Involves people's accounts of what they witnessed Documents as evidence = Written materials like reports or notes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the components of Locard's principle with their explanations:

    <p>Intensity of contact = Affects how much evidence is transferred Duration of contact = Longer contact may result in more evidence Nature of contact = Type of engagement can determine evidence type Cross-transfer of evidence = Indicates interaction between two entities</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Crime Scene Evidence

    • Evidence bags must be opened by authorized personnel and are not to be placed in damp environments.
    • Chain of custody is maintained by recording time, date, and recipient of items.
    • Forms include details like victim's/suspect's name, evidence recovered by, and evidence bag sealing information.

    Types of Evidence - Edmond Locard

    • Edmond Locard is known as the "Father of Forensics".
    • He established the first forensic laboratory in Lyon, France, in 1910.
    • Locard's Exchange Principle: When a person comes into contact with an object (or another person), there is a cross-transfer of physical evidence.
    • The material exchanged indicates the entities were in contact.
    • The intensity, duration and nature of the interaction of entities determine the extent of evidence transfer.
    • Forensics is built on this principle.
    • Examples of evidence included can include prints, DNA, ballistic evidence, fibers, and hair.

    Locard's Exchange Principle (Detailed)

    • Explains that when objects or people come into contact, there's a transfer of physical evidence.
    • Exchanged materials indicate the prior contact.
    • Evidence intensity, duration, and nature determine evidence transfer extent.

    Types of Evidence - Thinking about Evidence

    • List as many trace pieces of evidence you can think of at a crime scene.
    • Compare your list with a partner's.
    • Discuss where each piece might have originated.

    Types of Evidence - Classification

    • Evidence has many forms.
    • Investigators must classify evidence.
    • All evidence is either circumstantial or direct.
    • Circumstantial evidence can be physical or biological.
    • Physical evidence: prints, bullets, weapons, synthetic fibers.
    • Biological evidence: DNA, hair, natural fibers.

    Types of Evidence - Direct Evidence

    • Direct evidence involves first-hand observations.
    • Examples include eyewitness accounts, police dashboard cameras, video surveillance, voice recordings, signed ransom notes.
    • Additional direct evidence examples are reports from toxicology and laboratory testing.

    Types of Evidence - Circumstantial Evidence

    • Circumstantial evidence is indirect and used to imply, not directly prove a fact.
    • Examples include fingerprints, bite marks, tire tracks, DNA, ballistic evidence, fibers, and hair.
    • Often used in courts of law.
    • Further categorized as physical or biological:
      • Physical: prints, bullet casings, weapons
      • Biological: DNA, hair, fibers

    Types of Evidence Classification Methods

    • Class: narrows down to a group of people or items. Examples: shoe prints, blood type, hair without the root.
    • Individual: narrows down to a single person or item. Examples: DNA

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    Related Documents

    Types of Evidence Lesson PDF

    Description

    Explore the essentials of crime scene evidence management and the foundational principles established by Edmond Locard, the Father of Forensics. Learn about the chain of custody, types of evidence, and Locard's Exchange Principle that forms the basis of forensic practices. This quiz will test your knowledge on evidence handling, collection, and its significance in forensic investigations.

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