Foot and Ankle Surgical Residency Quiz
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Questions and Answers

What is the normal angle between the tibial plafond and the transmalleolar axis?

  • 20°
  • 25°
  • 15° (correct)
  • 10°

    • What is the normal range for the calcaneal inclination angle?

  • 18° [13-23°] (correct)
  • 15° [10-20°]
  • 25° [20-30°]
  • 20° [15-25°]

    • In a normal hindfoot alignment, where is the calcaneal bisector in relation to the tibial mid-diaphyseal line?

  • 20 mm posterior
  • 5 mm medial
  • 10 mm lateral (correct)
  • 15 mm anterior

    • What is the normal range for the tibio-talar angle?

    <p>68° [64-72°]</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the result of equinus on the subtalar joint (STJ) and the ground reactive force?

    <p>Forced into an everted position</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the normal range for the metatarsal declination angle?

    <p>23° [20-26°]</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the name of the line that exists between the medial talus, medial malleolus, and extends across the tibiotalar joint space to the fibular-talar space?

    <p>Shenton's line of the ankle</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the normal range for the anteroposterior view Meary's angle?

    <p>7° [3-11°]</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of radiographs in pre-operative planning?

    <p>All of the above</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the position of the navicular in relation to the talus?

    <p>Dorsolateral peritalar subluxation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the normal location of the lateral process of the talus?

    <p>3 mm anterior to the tibial mid-diaphyseal line</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the name of the foot type characterized by a high arch and a cavus alignment?

    <p>Cavus foot</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the result of inadequate subtalar joint inversion compensation in distal tibial valgus?

    <p>The forefoot supinates and the first ray dorsiflexes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the consequence of distal tibial recurvatum on the ankle joint?

    <p>The center of rotation of the ankle joint shifts anteriorly, increasing the anterior lever arm of the foot</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the typical presentation of distal tibial procurvatum?

    <p>Limited dorsiflexion compensation is available through the ankle joint</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the result of a 15-degree tibial varum on the ankle joint?

    <p>The ankle joint has 15 degrees of dorsiflexion and 25 degrees of plantarflexion</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of the triceps surae in distal tibial recurvatum?

    <p>It places the foot in equinus and decreases the plantarflexor push off of the foot</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the consequence of distal tibial valgus on the weightbearing surface of the foot?

    <p>It increases the weightbearing surface of the foot</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the effect of a distal tibial varus deformity on the subtalar joint motion?

    <p>Decreased inversion</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the radiographic finding associated with a Peroneal Longus Overdrive?

    <p>Increased angle of Meary's Angle</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the consequence of inadequate compensation for a frontal plane deformity at the subtalar joint?

    <p>Compensatory midfoot pronation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the direction of the subtalar joint motion in response to a valgus ankle deformity?

    <p>Inversion</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the effect of a distal tibial valgus deformity on the weightbearing surface of the foot?

    <p>Increased weightbearing surface</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the relationship between the calcaneal bisector and the tibial mid-diaphyseal line in a normal hindfoot alignment?

    <p>The calcaneal bisector is medial to the tibial mid-diaphyseal line</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary purpose of radiographs in Charcot reconstruction?

    <p>To identify osseous vs. soft tissue deformities</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the consequence of inadequate subtalar joint inversion compensation in distal tibial valgus?

    <p>Abnormal ground reactive forces</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the significance of the lateral process of the talus in normal alignment?

    <p>It should be located 3 mm anterior to the tibial mid-diaphyseal line</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the position of the navicular in relation to the talus?

    <p>Navicular height</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of radiographs in assessing pathomechanics?

    <p>To identify osseous vs. soft tissue deformities</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the significance of the anteroposterior view Meary's angle in normal alignment?

    <p>It is a normal value of 7°</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the result of ground reactive forces on the subtalar joint in a flatfoot?

    <p>The subtalar joint is forced into an everted position</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of radiographs in the assessment of a cavovarus foot?

    <p>To assess the degree of talar tilt</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In a normal foot, what is the relationship between the calcaneal bisector and the tibial mid-diaphyseal line?

    <p>The calcaneal bisector is lateral to the tibial mid-diaphyseal line</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the pathomechanical consequence of equinus in the presence of a flatfoot?

    <p>Increased load on the spring ligament</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the anatomical structure that connects the medial talus to the fibular-talar space?

    <p>Shenton's line</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the lateral process of the talus in relation to the talus?

    <p>A lateral prominence of the talus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the typical consequence of a 10-degree tibial varum on the ankle joint in the presence of a normal subtalar joint?

    <p>Increased valgus alignment of the calcaneus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary mechanism of subtalar joint compensation for a frontal plane deformity at the distal tibia?

    <p>Inversion of the subtalar joint</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the effect of a sagittal plane deformity at the distal tibia on the ankle joint kinematics?

    <p>Increased dorsiflexion of the ankle</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the alignment of the calcaneus in relation to the talus in a normal foot?

    <p>Neutral alignment</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the consequence of inadequate subtalar joint compensation for a frontal plane deformity at the distal tibia?

    <p>Dorsolateral peritalar subluxation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of the triceps surae in foot biomechanics during the stance phase of gait?

    <p>Plantarflexion of the foot</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In a normal foot, what is the relationship between the talar bisector line and the mid-diaphyseal line of the first metatarsal?

    <p>Perpendicular</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the consequence of inadequate compensation for a frontal plane deformity at the subtalar joint?

    <p>Valgus ankle deformity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In a sagittal plane deformity, what is the effect on the subtalar joint motion?

    <p>Decreased inversion</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the position of the navicular in relation to the talus in a normal foot?

    <p>Navicular height</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of radiographs in assessing pathomechanics in flatfoot reconstruction?

    <p>To assess osseous deformities</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the consequence of a distal tibial varus deformity on the ankle joint kinematics?

    <p>Altered ankle joint axis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary mechanism by which the subtalar joint compensates for a frontal plane deformity of the distal tibia?

    <p>Eversion for valgus deformities and inversion for varus deformities</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the effect of a distal tibial varus deformity on the weightbearing surface of the foot?

    <p>Decreased weightbearing surface due to increased midfoot pronation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the key concept related to the amount of compensation for a deformity at an adjacent joint?

    <p>The amount of compensation is dependent on the mobility of the adjacent joint</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the radiographic finding associated with a sagittal plane deformity such as equinus?

    <p>Increased calcaneal pitch</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the consequence of distal tibial recurvatum on the ankle joint?

    <p>Decreased ankle joint motion</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the direction of the subtalar joint motion in response to a varus ankle deformity?

    <p>Inversion</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In a normal limb, what is the acceptable range of deviation of the mechanical axis from the center of the knee joint?

    <p>3 mm medial to 3 mm lateral</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the anatomical structure that connects the center of the femoral head with the center of the ankle joint?

    <p>Mechanical axis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary goal of deformity correction?

    <p>Restoring normal alignment of the lower limb</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of measuring the angle between the tibial plafond and the transmalleolar axis?

    <p>To measure the degree of tibial varum or valgus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the deviation of the anatomical axis from the normal alignment?

    <p>Malalignment</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of radiographs in deformity correction?

    <p>To plan surgical intervention</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What represents perfect alignment in the lower limb?

    <p>Collinearity of the hip, knee, and ankle</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the deviation of the mechanical axis from the normal zone?

    <p>Mechanical axis deviation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the line that represents the position of a joint in the lower limb?

    <p>Joint line</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the result of the intersection of the mechanical and anatomic axes with the joint lines in the lower limb?

    <p>Joint angles</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the line that runs through the middle of the bone in the lower limb?

    <p>Middiaphyseal line</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of drawing the mechanical or anatomic axes of the femur or tibia in the lower limb?

    <p>To measure joint angles</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the significance of the mechanical axis of the limb passing slightly anterior to the hinge point of the knee?

    <p>It allows the quadriceps muscle to rest during prolonged standing</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the name given to the angle measured at the proximal tibial joint line?

    <p>Medial proximal tibial angle (MPTA)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the consequence of the mechanical axis of the limb passing posterior to the hinge point of the knee?

    <p>The individual will have to activate the quadriceps muscle constantly</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of drawing the modified mechanical axis of the tibia?

    <p>To draw the proximal tibial joint line</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the significance of the mechanical axis of the limb passing anterior to the confines of the distal femur?

    <p>A hyperextension deformity is present</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the relationship between the anatomic and mechanical axes in a normal tibia?

    <p>The anatomic and mechanical axes are essentially the same axis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary mechanism of subtalar joint compensation for a frontal plane deformity at the distal tibia?

    <p>Inversion</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the result of inadequate subtalar joint inversion compensation in distal tibial valgus?

    <p>Compensatory forefoot pronation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the direction of the ground reaction force vector in a hindfoot valgus?

    <p>Lateral to the weightbearing surface</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the characteristic of a sagittal plane deformity such as equinus?

    <p>Increased plantarflexion</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the consequence of distal tibial varus deformities that exceed the amount of compensation available at the subtalar joint?

    <p>Compensatory forefoot pronation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the effect of a distal tibial valgus deformity on the subtalar joint motion?

    <p>Increased eversion</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the effect of a distal tibial varus deformity on the subtalar joint motion?

    <p>Increases eversion</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the consequence of compensatory forefoot pronation in response to a distal tibial valgus deformity?

    <p>Pronation of the forefoot</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the result of a valgus hindfoot deformity on the ground reaction force vector (GRFV)?

    <p>Moves the GRFV laterally</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the radiographic finding associated with a sagittal plane deformity such as equinus?

    <p>Increased calcaneal inclination angle</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the effect of a distal tibial varus deformity on the weightbearing surface of the foot?

    <p>Decreases the weightbearing surface</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the consequence of inadequate subtalar joint inversion compensation for a frontal plane deformity at the distal tibia?

    <p>Pronation of the forefoot</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the effect of a distal tibial varus deformity on the weightbearing surface of the foot?

    <p>It increases the weightbearing surface of the lateral foot</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the compensatory mechanism for a hindfoot valgus deformity?

    <p>Forefoot pronation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the direction of the ground reaction force vector in a normal foot?

    <p>Posteromedial to anterolateral</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the effect of a sagittal plane deformity at the distal tibia on the ankle joint kinematics?

    <p>It increases the ankle joint plantarflexion</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the consequence of inadequate compensation for a frontal plane deformity at the subtalar joint?

    <p>It leads to increased pronation of the forefoot</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the result of ground reactive forces on the subtalar joint in a flatfoot?

    <p>It leads to increased subtalar joint eversion</p> Signup and view all the answers

    During a weightbearing exam, what is the purpose of the 'Too-Many-Toes Sign'?

    <p>To assess the degree of forefoot abduction</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary purpose of the Double Heel Rise Test?

    <p>To evaluate the strength of the posterior tibial tendon</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the characteristic of a hindfoot alignment view on a radiograph?

    <p>It is used to assess the alignment of the calcaneus in relation to the talus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of the Silversköldt test?

    <p>To determine the presence of a gastrocnemius equinus deformity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the significance of the Cyma line on a radiograph?

    <p>It is used to assess the alignment of the talus and calcaneus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary goal of the Non-Weightbearing Exam procedure for the posterior tibial tendon?

    <p>To palpate the posterior tibial tendon and assess its strength and function</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary mechanism by which the Evan's Osteotomy achieves correction of the acquired flatfoot deformity?

    <p>Lateral column lengthening</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the significance of the uncovered area of the talo-navicular joint in weightbearing radiographs?

    <p>It is associated with the severity of the acquired flatfoot deformity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of the medializing calcaneal osteotomy in the surgical correction of the acquired flatfoot deformity?

    <p>It medializes the calcaneus to restore normal alignment</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the benefit of performing a non-weightbearing examination in the evaluation of posterior tibial tendon dysfunction?

    <p>It enables the identification of subtle changes in thealignment of the foot</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the significance of the angle between the tibial plafond and the transmalleolar axis in radiographic analysis?

    <p>It is a measure of the alignment of the hindfoot</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the characteristic of a Stage 1 examination, according to the Modified Johnson and Strom Classification?

    <p>Mild Weakness in Single Heel-Rise and Absent Too-Many-Toes Sign</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the goal of surgical treatment in Stage 1 posterior tibial tendon dysfunction?

    <p>Improve Function and Remove Deforming Forces</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the procedure used to address equinus in Surgical Treatment of Stage 1 posterior tibial tendon dysfunction?

    <p>Tendo-Achilles Lengthening</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the angle measured at the proximal tibial joint line?

    <p>Proximal Tibial Angle</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of radiographs in pre-operative planning for posterior tibial tendon dysfunction?

    <p>To assess the severity of deformity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the characteristic of a Stage 2 examination, according to the Modified Johnson and Strom Classification?

    <p>Marked Weakness in Single Heel-Rise and Present Too-Many-Toes Sign</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the procedure used to transfer the FDL tendon in Surgical Treatment of Stage 1 posterior tibial tendon dysfunction?

    <p>FDL Tendon Transfer</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the goal of conservative treatment in Stage 1 posterior tibial tendon dysfunction?

    <p>Minimize Pain and Slow Deformity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the direction of the subtalar joint motion in response to a valgus ankle deformity?

    <p>Inversion</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the procedure used to address the deformity in Surgical Treatment of Stage 2 posterior tibial tendon dysfunction?

    <p>Medializing Calcaneal Osteotomy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of the Evan's Osteotomy?

    <p>To correct moderate and severe acquired flexible flatfoot</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the significance of uncovering >30% of the talo-navicular joint?

    <p>It indicates the need for medializing calcaneal osteotomy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of the cuboid and navicular in triplane correction?

    <p>They move as a unit in the correction of flatfoot</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the center of rotation of the cuboid during triplane correction?

    <p>Within the calcaneus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of medializing calcaneal osteotomy?

    <p>To correct moderate and severe acquired flexible flatfoot</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of the Posterior Tibial Tendon?

    <p>Inverts the Subtalar Joint and adducts the forefoot</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the outcome of Ground Reactive Forces on the Calcaneus in a case of Equinus?

    <p>The Calcaneus is positioned lateral to the talus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a cause of posterior tibial tendon dysfunction?

    <p>All of the above</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the characteristic of the Clinical Presentation of Posterior Tibial Tendon dysfunction?

    <p>Gradual onset of pain starting medially but can be lateral</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the significance of the Flexor Digitorum Longus in the context of Posterior Tibial Tendon transfer?

    <p>It is the site of transfer of the Posterior Tibial Tendon</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which weightbearing exam is used to assess the strength of the posterior tibial tendon?

    <p>Single Heel Rise Test</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the position of the navicular in relation to the talus?

    <p>Dorsolateral Peritalar Subluxation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the radiographic finding associated with a flatfoot?

    <p>Abnormal Calcaneal Pitch</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of the Double Heel Rise Test?

    <p>To assess the strength of the posterior tibial tendon</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the direction of the subtalar joint motion in response to a valgus ankle deformity?

    <p>Eversion</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the significance of the Cyma line on a radiograph?

    <p>It indicates the alignment of the hindfoot</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary goal of surgical treatment in Stage 2 posterior tibial tendon dysfunction?

    <p>Remove Deforming Forces</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the characteristic of a Stage 3 examination, according to the Modified Johnson and Strom Classification?

    <p>Minimal Swelling, Moderate Tenderness</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of a Hoke triple hemisection?

    <p>To realign the foot in Surgical Treatment of Stage 2 posterior tibial tendon dysfunction</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the goal of conservative treatment in Stage 1 posterior tibial tendon dysfunction?

    <p>Minimize Pain, Improve Function, Slow Deformity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the consequence of inadequate subtalar joint compensation for a frontal plane deformity at the distal tibia?

    <p>Flatfoot Deformity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary mechanism of subtalar joint compensation for a frontal plane deformity at the distal tibia?

    <p>Subtalar Joint Pronation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the effect of a distal tibial varus deformity on the subtalar joint motion?

    <p>Decreased Inversion</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the procedure used to address equinus in Surgical Treatment of Stage 1 posterior tibial tendon dysfunction?

    <p>Tendo-Achilles Lengthening</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the characteristic of a Stage 4 examination, according to the Modified Johnson and Strom Classification?

    <p>Minimal Swelling, Marked Weakness, Arthritis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the goal of surgical treatment in Stage 1 posterior tibial tendon dysfunction?

    <p>Remove Deforming Forces, Improve Function, Minimize Pain</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary role of the Evans osteotomy in the treatment of adult acquired flatfoot deformity?

    <p>To lengthen the lateral column and restore the lateral arch</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In the Johnson and Strom classification, what is the characteristic of a Stage 2 examination?

    <p>Abnormal heel raise and single-limb stance</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary goal of surgical treatment in Stage 2 posterior tibial tendon dysfunction?

    <p>To restore the medial arch and correct the flatfoot deformity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the significance of weight bearing in the evaluation of adult acquired flatfoot deformity?

    <p>It helps to assess the severity of the deformity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary role of osteotomy in the treatment of adult acquired flatfoot deformity?

    <p>To restore the medial arch and correct the flatfoot deformity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the significance of the Single Heel Rise Test in the diagnosis of posterior tibial tendon dysfunction?

    <p>It evaluates the function of the posterior tibial tendon</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary purpose of the weightbearing exam in the evaluation of posterior tibial tendon dysfunction?

    <p>To determine the presence of hindfoot valgus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    According to the Johnson and Strom classification, what is the primary factor in determining the stage of posterior tibial tendon dysfunction?

    <p>The degree of subtalar joint instability</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary goal of surgical treatment in Stage 2 posterior tibial tendon dysfunction according to the Johnson and Strom classification?

    <p>To correct the hindfoot valgus deformity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary purpose of an osteotomy in the treatment of posterior tibial tendon dysfunction?

    <p>To correct the hindfoot valgus deformity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the significance of the Double Heel Rise Test in the evaluation of posterior tibial tendon dysfunction?

    <p>It evaluates the function of the posterior tibial tendon</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary goal of surgical treatment in Stage 1 posterior tibial tendon dysfunction?

    <p>Remove deforming forces</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the characteristic of a Stage 2 examination, according to the Modified Johnson and Strom Classification?

    <p>Marked weakness and present deformity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of a medializing calcaneal osteotomy in the surgical correction of acquired flatfoot deformity?

    <p>To realign the foot</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary goal of conservative treatment in Stage 1 posterior tibial tendon dysfunction?

    <p>Minimize pain and improve function</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the significance of the 'Too-Many-Toes Sign' in a weightbearing exam?

    <p>It indicates the presence of deformity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of the Hoke triple hemisection?

    <p>To realign the foot</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the characteristic of a Stage 3 examination, according to the Modified Johnson and Strom Classification?

    <p>Rigid deformity and present arthritis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of a flexor digitorum longus (FDL) tendon transfer in the surgical correction of acquired flatfoot deformity?

    <p>To realign the foot</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the significance of a single heel raise in the evaluation of posterior tibial tendon dysfunction?

    <p>It indicates the strength of the posterior tibial tendon</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of a gastrocnemius recession in the surgical correction of acquired flatfoot deformity?

    <p>To correct equinus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the significance of uncovering >30% of the talo-navicular joint?

    <p>Necessitates a medializing calcaneal osteotomy for correction</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary goal of the Johnson and Strom classification?

    <p>To classify the severity of posterior tibial tendon dysfunction</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary mechanism of Evan's osteotomy?

    <p>Lateral column lengthening</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary purpose of medializing calcaneal osteotomy?

    <p>To realign the calcaneus in relation to the talus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the significance of the Cotton osteotomy in the treatment of adult acquired flatfoot deformity?

    <p>It is not a commonly used treatment for adult acquired flatfoot deformity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary difference between Stage 2 and Stage 3 examinations, according to the Modified Johnson and Strom Classification?

    <p>The presence of arthritis in Stage 3</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of Evan's Calcaneal Osteotomy in the surgical correction of acquired flatfoot deformity?

    <p>To realign the foot and improve function</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the characteristic of the Talonavicular Uncoverage in Stage 2 examination, according to the Modified Johnson and Strom Classification?

    <p>Deformity is present</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of Medializing Calcaneal Osteotomy in the surgical correction of acquired flatfoot deformity?

    <p>To realign the foot and improve function</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of Cotton Osteotomy in the surgical correction of acquired flatfoot deformity?

    <p>To realign the foot and improve function</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the characteristic of Stage 1 examination, according to the Modified Johnson and Strom Classification?

    <p>Deformity is absent</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary goal of surgical treatment in Stage 1 posterior tibial tendon dysfunction?

    <p>Improve function and minimize pain</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of the Modified Johnson and Strom Classification?

    <p>To classify the severity of posterior tibial tendon dysfunction</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of Medializing Calcaneal Osteotomy in the correction of adult acquired flatfoot deformity?

    <p>To realign the foot and improve function</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the characteristic of Stage 4 examination, according to the Modified Johnson and Strom Classification?

    <p>Deformity is present and rigid</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary goal of talo-navicular uncoverage in the treatment of adult acquired flatfoot deformity?

    <p>To medialize the navicular and reduce the talar head uncoverage</p> Signup and view all the answers

    According to the Modified Johnson and Strom Classification, what is the primary factor in determining the stage of posterior tibial tendon dysfunction?

    <p>The degree of medial column collapse</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary role of the Evans osteotomy in the treatment of adult acquired flatfoot deformity?

    <p>To medialize the calcaneus and reduce the talar head uncoverage</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary goal of medializing the calcaneus in the treatment of adult acquired flatfoot deformity?

    <p>To reduce the talar head uncoverage and restore the subtalar joint axis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary purpose of the Cotton osteotomy in the treatment of adult acquired flatfoot deformity?

    <p>To correct the hindfoot valgus and restore the subtalar joint axis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary goal of the subtalar joint arthrodesis in the treatment of adult acquired flatfoot deformity?

    <p>To correct the hindfoot valgus and restore the subtalar joint axis</p> Signup and view all the answers

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