Foot and ankle

Podcast

Play an AI-generated podcast conversation about this lesson

Questions and Answers

What are the key functions of the foot?

The key functions of the foot include: - Key for gait, propulsion, and balance - Transfer of force within the lower kinetic chain - Shock absorption

How many bones are in the foot?

How many tarsals are there in the foot? Choose the correct answer:

7 (correct)

Name the seven tarsal bones.

The seven tarsal bones are: - Calcaneus - Talus - Navicular - Cuboid - Three cuneiforms Signup and view all the answers

How many metatarsals are in the foot?

5 Signup and view all the answers

How many phalanges are in the foot?

14 Signup and view all the answers

What is the hallux?

The big toe bone. Signup and view all the answers

Select the three joints in the foot that drive movement:

Transverse tarsal joints Signup and view all the answers

Choose the four joints in the foot that do not drive movement:

Tarsometatarsal joints Signup and view all the answers

What is the talocrural joint?

The ankle joint formed between the talus, distal tibia (medial malleolus) and the distal fibula (lateral malleolus). The lateral malleolus extends lower than the medial malleolus, contributing to the risk of certain ankle sprains. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following are lateral ligaments in the foot? (Select all that apply)

Anterior talofibular ligament Signup and view all the answers

Name the three arches of the foot.

The three arches of the foot are: - Medial longitudinal arch - Lateral longitudinal arch - Transverse arch Signup and view all the answers

What is the plantar fascia?

A ligament structure under the foot forming a web that supports the arches, extending from the calcaneus to the metatarsals and phalanges. Signup and view all the answers

List the six types of movement that occur at the foot and ankle.

The six types of movement at the foot and ankle are: - Plantar flexion - Dorsiflexion - Eversion - Inversion - Pronation - Supination Signup and view all the answers

What is the gastrocnemius muscle?

The gastrocnemius is a calf muscle that originates on the posterior aspect of the medial and lateral femoral condyle and inserts on the posterior surface of the calcaneus via the Achilles tendon. Signup and view all the answers

Where is the soleus muscle located?

The soleus muscle is located just beneath the gastrocnemius muscle. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following muscles are plantarflexors? (Select all that apply)

Peroneus longus Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following muscles are dorsiflexors? (Select all that apply)

EHL Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following muscles are invertors? (Select all that apply)

Tibialis anterior Signup and view all the answers

What is the most common ankle sprain among active individuals?

Inversion sprain on the ATFL (Anterior Talofibular Ligament). Signup and view all the answers

What is tibial stress syndrome?

Tibial stress syndrome, also known as shin splints, is caused by periostitis, an inflammation of the tendon sheath. It is typically caused by overuse, often linked to a sudden increase in intensity or duration of activity. Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Foot Anatomy and Function

The foot is crucial for gait, propulsion, and balance, transferring force through the lower body and absorbing shock.
There are 26 bones in the foot.
The foot comprises 7 tarsal bones: calcaneus, talus, navicular, cuboid, and three cuneiform bones.
There are 5 metatarsal bones.
There are 14 phalanges (toe bones).
The hallux is the big toe.

Foot Joints

The foot has key joints driving movement:
- Talocrural (ankle) joint: Connects talus, tibia (medial malleolus), and fibula (lateral malleolus). The lateral malleolus is slightly lower, predisposing it to sprains.
- Subtalar joint: Talus and calcaneus, allowing gliding movement.
- Transverse tarsal joints: Gliding joints for multi-directional foot movement.
Other joints (non-primary movers):
- Intertarsal joints
- Tarsometatarsal joints
- Metatarsophalangeal joints
- Interphalangeal joints

Foot Ligaments

Lateral ligaments:
- Anterior talofibular ligament (ATFL)
- Posterior talofibular ligament
- Calcaneofibular ligament
Medial ligaments (deltoid ligament):
- Posterior tibiotalar ligament
- Tibiocalcaneal ligament
- Anterior tibiotalar ligament
- Tibionavicular joint
- Plantarcalcaneonavicular ligament (important for propulsion).
- The Achilles tendon (gastrocnemius to the calcaneus) connects calf muscles to heel bone, contributing to ankle function.

Foot Arches

The foot has three arches: medial longitudinal, lateral longitudinal, and transverse arches.
The plantar fascia is a ligamentous structure that runs along the bottom of the foot and supports the arches. It connects the calcaneus to the metatarsals and phalanges.

Foot Muscle Groups

Plantarflexors: Muscles that point the foot downward (plantar flexion). Includes gastrocnemius, soleus, tibialis posterior, FDL, FHL, peroneus longus, and brevis.
Dorsiflexors: Muscles that lift the foot upwards (dorsiflexion). Includes tibialis anterior, EDL, EHL, and peroneus tertius.
Invertors: Muscles that turn the sole of the foot inward (inversion). Includes tibialis anterior, tibialis posterior, FDL, and FHL.
Evertors: Muscles that turn the sole of the foot outward (eversion). Includes peroneus longus, brevis, and tertius, and EDL.

Common Foot Conditions & Injuries

Inversion Ankle Sprain: Most common ankle sprain in active people, often involving the ATFL.
Tibial Stress Syndrome (Shin Splints): Common overuse injury, usually due to periostitis (inflammation of the periosteum).

Important Muscles

Gastrocnemius: Calf muscle, origin on femur, inserts on calcaneus via Achilles tendon.
Soleus: Located beneath the gastrocnemius.

Studying That Suits You

Use AI to generate personalized quizzes and flashcards to suit your learning preferences.

Description

Explore the intricate anatomy and function of the human foot, essential for movement and balance. This quiz covers the bones, joints, and ligaments that make up the foot, focusing on their roles in gait and shock absorption.